The Atlanta Georgian,
Sunday, 17th August 1913.
Defendant Will Take the Stand Early in Week to Give His Account of His Movements on Day Mary Phagan Was Killed.
ATTORNEYS SEEKING TO PROVE A COMPLETE LIE
Believed That Case Will Stand or Fall On Efforts of Prosecution to Prove Its Charge of Immorality Against the Accused.
BY AN OLD POLICE REPORTER
The third week of the Frank trial came to an end at noon Saturday.
The defense has not yet concluded it's case, but confidently expects to finish within the next day or two.
It's last card and one of it's biggest, will be the defendant's statement. This statement is scheduled for the early part of the week.
It will mark the climax of the defense's case, just as Conley's story marked the climax of the State's.
It became more and more evident as the case progressed during the past week that the defense is pitting Frank squarely against Conley - that it is to be Frank's life or Conley's life for little Mary Phagan's, snuffed out cruelly nearly four months ago in the National Pencil Factory.
Frank's statement on the stand which the law permits one to make, but not under oath, and which may be accented by the jury, either in whole or in part, in preference to all the sworn testimony, will be matched against the story the negro told so dramatically and with such frightful emphasis after the case got under way.
Into the negro's story, moreover was injected the question of Frank's general character, particularly in one unmentionable direction, and this the defense will undertake to offset completely and finally.
More than a hundred witnesses have been summoned to notify to Frank's good character, and these include men and women from every walk of life where it could be shown that such witnesses had come in contact with Frank from time to time in such wise as to be competent judges of his general character.
DALTON'S TESTIMONY IMPEACHED.
Already the one witness (Dalton) so far introduced by the State to corroborate Conley has been successfully impeached by the defense, and it is likely that others introduced to the negro also will be subjected to impeachment proceedings if the defense suspects that it may successfully inaugurate the same.
The defense seemingly has realized fully the heavy necessity of breaking down Conley's awfully story, not only in direct connection with the murder, but in every phase of it that bears upon character of the defendant.
As a primary proposition, the advantage in the situation he set up dwells within the defense.
In the first place, Frank goes to the jury with the presumption of innocence in his favor. The burden is not upon him to make out a case in behalf of himself. It is upon the State to make out a case against him.
Moreover, the only right of appeal attaching to person indicted for felonies is within the defense. Once the State loses, it is lost forever.
The State must allege and prove the guilt of the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt, and fight right up to that minute.
If there remains a reasonable doubt of Frank's guilt factor, the last word has been said to the jury, Frank under the law is entitled to it, and if the trial jury fails to award it, a court of review will remedy the legal wrong thus inflicted upon him.
ALL STATE TESTIMONY SWORN.
The State, moreover, must submit every bit of its evidence to the last shred or patch under oath.
The defense, on the contrary may clear itself upon testimony not one word of which is sworn to.
The State's star witness Conley, also comes into court a confessed accessory after the fact of the murder, a confessed fabricator in numerous conflicting statements as to his knowledge of and connection with the crime and accompanied by a well-established jail record fearfully and wonderfully made up.
His is a much harder story to hold up than Frank's viewing the two stories generally and in their broader personal aspects.
Even without Conley to be sure, the State still has a circumstantial case against Frank that might compel considerable attention and respect but there are few people who seemingly believe that it alone would be sufficiently strong to convict.
It probably is a realization of the State's tremendous task involved in the holding together of Conley's story, that had called
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DORSEY SURE OF CASE AS CRISIS COMES
Solicitor Expects to Prove That Frank Had Life Which He Hid From Relatives and Friends
The defense to train every gun squarely upon it, for Conley's story will the State be forced to stand or fail eventually.
One of the curious things about the Frank case is the way the question of his general character got into the pleadings.
Theoretically, the defense alone may put the defendant's character in issue - it being contemplated by the law that no man shall be required, without his consent, to answer more than one charge at one and the same time.
And so far as legal strategy and astuteness is concerned, the State outgenerals the defense in the matter of getting Frank's character before the jury.
Had Conley, the State's star witness, been a man, even a negro, of respectability and approximately good previous record, the necessity of attaching to Frank the charge of utter depravity might not have seemed so pressing. But Frank's previous good record seemed so well established, and his standing generally was thought to be so high, that it contrasted rather painfully with the record of the main witness of all others (Conley) set up for the defendant's undoing.
The State doubtless knew that the unspeakable portion of Conley's evidence was primarily inadmissible, but it also knew that the defense would be taking rather a long chance to move its rejection when tendered.
In that event, a sinister and certainly dangerous impression would have been left upon the mind of the jury.
So the State deliberately drew out of Conley the unmentionable charge, which, in addition to the murder charge, undoubtedly made absolutely necessary the injection of Frank's character in issue.
The defense, in not objecting to the admission of the evidence last cited when it was first offered, may have been moved by the idea that it would, in the cross-examination of Conley, so break him down that it still might save itself the necessity of pleading Frank's good character that it would even be able to make the frightful charge of perversion act as a boomerang on Conley!
Defense Objects too Late.
Seemingly, that idea, if it ever existed, was dissipated as the Conley cross-examination proceeded, however, eventually the defense DID move to strike out the evidence, but at that time it was too late.
Having walked into the trap set by the State, if it indeed was a trap, the defense could not very well extricate itself save by pleading Frank's complete good character, and thus in a sweeping way dispose of the specific charge lodged against Frank by Conley, in addition to the murder charge.
Once committed to the necessity of establishing Frank's good character, however, the defense went at it in no half-hearted way. It summoned indiscriminately every employee of the National Pencil Factory, male and female, old and new, and with unanimous voice they testified willingly and thoroughly that the defendant's general character is good.
In addition to these witnesses, business men, former college professors and classmates and dozens of others fell into line with the same line of evidence.
The State now stands, therefore where it must close up the gap between its primary allegation, dependent alone upon Conley's word so far, and the absolute proof of his sinister story.
If the State in rebuttal is able to prove conclusively that Frank is the thing Conley has labeled him, the State's case will go to the jury dangerously formidable.
If it fails to substantiate and corroborate Conley, it will go to the jury greatly weakened.
To overcome the fine showing as to Frank's good character made by the defense, the State must bring forth witnesses in rebuttal that can not be impeached.
The ingression throughout Atlanta is that to fall in the establishment and corroboration of Conley's story by witnesses of integrity and standing will be to fall in a crisis heavily important to the State now.
Liability Becomes Asset.
Strange to say - there are so many strange things to say in this surprisingly strange Phagan story - one of the State's apparent weakness is proving, in one direction, to be one of it's greatest elements of strength.
The defense's strenuous insistence that Conley's remarkable story is impossible, is one reason why a lot of people are saying that it is impossible. Conley may have manufactured it out of the whole cloth.
If it is a lie, it is a lie too devilishly cunning for a negro of Conley's limited mentality to conjure or carry in his own mind in such remarkable detail these people hold. If the negro were only less sure of everything, if he had wobbled dangerously under the terrific grilling administered by Luther Z. Rosser, if he had broken down or contradicted himself in any essential detail once he got to the witness stand, it now would be an easier thing for many people, fair-minded enough too, to believe the negro's tale a mass of lies from start to finish!
And the danger in the defense here is that if Conley's story sticks in the minds of the jury, even in fractional part, it probably just as well stick in its in entirety, so far as the hope of acquittal upon this trial is concerned.
In other words, many people are arguing to themselves that the negro no matter how hard he tried and no matter how generously he was coached, still never could have framed up a story like the one he told, unless there was somewhere in it some foundation in fact.
And if there remains the impression of even a little foundation in fact, the defense is damaged beyond repair.
And so it gets back to where it started, and to where it will end, it is Conley pitted against Frank!
The State, with the burden of proof to carry, appears to have considerably more of an uphill fight on its hands than the defense has and yet the very nature of both fights - uncompromising, and neither asking, nor giving quarter - makes it something of a toss-up, really, as to which actually, and as a matter of fact, has the harder task to perform.
Undoubtedly, the defense expects to profit much through its insistence that the time element as set up in Conley's story, constitutes a most vital and compelling factor in determining the truth or falsity of the entire story.
Rely on State Witnesses.
It is rather odd, too, that the defense should be relying upon the State's witnesses in this matter quits as much as upon it's own. It will seek to use generously the State's witnesses to the State's embarrassment - through the discrediting of Conley's story - in several different directions.
The defense is seeking to show how utterly absurd Conley's story is from Frank's point of view by setting up these incompatible things.
That Mary Phagan (according to Conley's testimony) reached the pencil factory sufficiently well in advance of Monteen Stover (according to Conley's testimony) to go up to Frank's office, get her pay, he lured to a room in the rear and killed her, notwithstanding the fact that Miss Stover (Conley's and Miss Stover's testimony) reached the factory at 12:03. And this despite the fact that Mary Phagan could not have been in the factory before 12:12. In any event, as shown by Mrs. Coleman (Mary's mother), George Epps, a motorman and a conductor.
To get around this state of things, set up for the most part by the Sate's own witnesses, the State already has suggested, by a line of examination probably to be amplified that that the car upon which Mary Phagan came into town on Saturday, April 26, was running AHEAD of scheduled time, and that the little girl did, as a matter of fact, reach the factory be fore 12:12, and that the clock in the factory, by which both Miss Stover and Conley testified as to the time was running SLOW on the day of the crime.
In other words, to meet its own, witnesses' statements, the State will move backward the time of the street car and move forward the time of the office clock!
If the State can do that, which looks like a big job, it will eliminate the dangerous time element in one direction, at least; but if it can not do that, it will find itself in a most trying position.
And whether it now can get away from its own established time element is one of the very prettiest problems involved in the entire case thus far!
Again, the defense will insist that the time element cuts in another direction most favorably in Frank's behalf, when it will show by Conley's evidence that the disposing of Mary Phagan's body began at 12:56, but that Frank was seen at the corner of Alabama and Whitehall streets at 1:10, waiting for a car. The latter fact is testified to by Miss Helen Curran positively, and she is unimpeachable.
The defense contends that the body of Mary Phagan could not have been disposed of, and the things done that Conley alleges were done, within the fourteen minutes of time thus allowed, between the beginning of the work, according to Conley, and the time of Frank's presence two blocks and a half away.
Conley would have been obliged to dispose of the body in the remarkable way he says he did, have written the notes, remained in the wardrobe eight minutes or more, all within the fourteen minutes.
According to the State's own witnesses, Conley was in the wardrobe eight minutes and used six minutes framing the notes. This would have consumed the entire fourteen minutes, without the dead girl's body ever having been touched.
It is admitted among lawyers generally that there is no defense so completely effective as sustained alibi - which means that the crime alleged was committed in the absence and without the knowledge of the alleged principle to it, or, more properly state, perhaps, that the crime could not have been committed by the defendant because it would have been a physical impossibility for him to have affected it, in the circumstances of it.
The past week, of course, was the defense's day in court, and it is but fair to say that it made good use of it.
Challenge to State.
It has frankly and aggressively urged Frank's character as a vital fact in his favor, and it thereby challenged the State to do it's very worst by way of breaking that character down, if it can.
This attitude upon the part of the defense undoubtedly has had a steadying effect upon the public, too, for it seems at least to have suspended judgement pending the State's rebuttal.
In addition to its insistence upon Frank's good character, the defense unquestionably has given the State serious concern in the way it has brought forward the time element, and that in two separate and distinct directions.
If it successfully maintains either one of it's time theories, it will have greatly discredited Conley's story. If it successfully maintains both theories, it will have about discredited the Conley story to the point of complete collapse.
As it was out of order to conclude at the end of the second week of the Frank trial, however, that the State had made out a case that could not be broken down, so it now is out of order to conclude that the defense has broken down the State.
The State for one thing does not appear to be particularly alarmed, either by the injection of Frank's character or by the turning of the time element against the Conley story.
The State, it must be remembered, has not yet entered or disclosed it's rebuttal, either of the character evidence or the undermining of its own witnesses as to the time elements stated.
State Seems Confident.
It is perfectly confident of it's ability to show that Frank's character is not good, despite the opinions of his friends, business associates and acquaintances, and it will insist, indeed that as in other depraved characters of the sort it claims Frank to be, his business acquaintances, his relatives and his social intimates would be the very last people of all to discover the truth concerning him.
The State, in seeking to prove Frank a dissolute character, may be forced to the summoning of dissolute characters, with whom he is alleged to have been associated in degrading practices, in order to prove its contention.
Thus witnesses, brought out by the State to establish Frank's depravity are apt to be easier marks for impeachment proceedings than witnesses of the ordinary sort, and to that extent the breaking down of Frank's character is pregnant with difficulty.
Nevertheless, the State proposes to establish the fact of Frank's degeneracy by witnesses of sufficient credibility, particularly in the nature of the charge sought to be proved, to get by at least in sufficient numbers to overwhelm the defendant.
If the State can put up even one or two witnesses that can weather the gale of the defense's rights of impeachment, it will have put Frank in a most unenviable position before the jury. If, therefore, it puts up 50 witnesses, and 48 of them get knocked out, there still will remain the two that stood the test!
Here, then, is another pretty problem to be thrashed out: Can the State, in sustaining a charge of degeneracy against Frank, bright forth witnesses to prove it absolutely, and at the same time not bring forth witnesses so much a party to Frank's offense that they will run serious risks in testifying themselves?
A witness who is willing to swear that he saw Frank do thus and so, or was party to Frank's doing thus and so, if the thus and so is particularly reprehensible, is apt to get in pretty thin ice himself, if he isn't very careful.
The State says it can and will rebut Frank's good character. If it does, Frank is in unutterably bad shape; but if it doesn't, Frank's cause must be helped tremendously.
Girl on Stand Shouts She Would Die for Leo Frank
Employee of Pencil Factory Furnishes Dramatic Incident of Day - Dressing Room Evidence Is Brought Out.
More than one hundred witnesses had been called to testify in defense of Leo M. Frank's character when the third week of the factory superintendent's trial concluded shortly after 1 o'clock Saturday.
Character witnesses occupied most of the time during the four hours of Saturday's session. They displayed a remarkable loyalty to their employer, who is being tried on the charge of being the murderer of little Mary Phagan. Only one of the number, Miss Irene Jackson, gave testimony in any way prejudicial to the case of Frank.
The character testimony, the tale of the finding of Mary Phagan's envelope and other so-called clews on the first floor of the factory by W.D. McWorth, Pinkerton operative, and the return of Mrs. Rae Frank, mother of the defendant, formed the important features of the day.
Girl Furnishes Incident.
A spectacular incident, which would have been even more amusing than it proved had it not been for the evidence sincerity and profound earnestness of the witness, came in the testimony of Miss Sarah Barnes, one of the pencil factory employees.
"I'd die for Mr. Frank if they'd let me!" she exclaimed almost the instant she had composed herself in the witness chair. Attorney Arnold had only time to ask her the formal question: "Do you know Leo M. Frank, the defendant in this case?" before she launched into a euglogistic description of the young factor superintendent that left her breathless at the end of five minutes."
The attorney sought to interject another of the formal questions prescribed by law but by the time she had caught her breath and was engaged in telling her willingness to lay down her life, if need be, to prove the guiltlessness of Frank.
Attorney Arnold could not stop her. The court could not damn the flood of words. She had a mind to speak and she was determined to speak without check and without interruption.
"I know Frank couldn't have committed such a terrible deed," she cried, accompanying her declaration with an emphatic brandishing of her folder fan. "I have known him ever since I have been in the pencil factory. He has always been kind to all of the employees and to the girls in particular. He never has done any of these things that have been told about him. He has always been a gentleman."
Willing to Die for Him.
"I've had to fight for him, almost, a number of times since these awful charges have been made against him. I'm willing to fight for him again. I am willing to die in his place."
At this point she turned toward the jury and said:
"You can give me any sort of a death you want. I know he is an innocent man. I just wish that I could make everyone believe in his innocence."
Attorney Arnold succeeded in the brief space of one of the moments when she paused for a fresh start to ask the remainder of the questions he desired, and then gave her to Solicitor Dorsey.
Dorsey met with the same trouble. He tried to get her to stay with whom she had talked about the testimony to which she was to swear. Disregarding his question as though it never had been asked, she continued in her encomiums of Frank until the court-room spectators were convulsed with laughter and the Solicitor filled with disgust at his inability to get the sort of answer he wanted from the girl.
Miss Irene Jackson daughter of County Policeman A. W. Jackson, was called by the defense as a character witness, but gave testimony on her cross-examination in regard to conduct by Frank which the State has construed as highly improper.
Looked in Dressing Room.
Miss Jackson said that so far as she knew the character of Frank was good and that she never had known to attempt any liberties with the factory girls. To the Solicitor she admitted, however, that she three times had been in the girls' dressing when Frank had pushed open the door and looked in.
Once Emmeline Mayfield had been in the room with her, she said: once Mamie Kitchen and once her own sister. Her sister had threatened to quit as this last operator she testified, but she had been persuaded against it.
She said that Frank merely pushed the door in, looked in, on on one occasion smiled toward Miss Kitchen and then turned around and walked away. She testified that the girls never were any further in a condition of redress than lacking their overskirt.
Solicitor Dorsey inquired of her in regard to a reported remark of N. V. Darley general manager, that "if the girls stay with us through this, they will not lose by it." She said she had overheard Darley say this.
Many Employees Called.
The following pencil company employees were called as character witnesses during the day.
Misses Mollie Blair, Ethel Stewart, Sarah Barnes, Corinthia Hall, Ida Hayes, Eula May Flowers, Elma Hayes, Minnie Foster, Obie Dickerson, Gussie Wallace, Annie Osman, Bessie Thrallkill, Allie Dunham, Rebecca Carson, Maude Wright, Irene Jackson, and Mesdames Emma Freeman and Ella Thomas.
PAGE 3
LEO FRANK IS READY TO REVEAL HIS STORY
Accused Superintendent to Appeal to Reason of the Men Who Will Decide His Fate
COUNSEL FOR DEFENSE DECLARE HE ALONE HAS PREPARED STATEMENT
Defendant Will in No Way Try to Stir Emotion of Jurors, But Will Simply Outline His Contention as to Tragedy.
Leo M. Frank's statement to the jury, delayed from last week by the swarm of character witnesses brought in at the last moment, is the main factor of interest remaining in the trial of the National Pencil Factory superintendent before the rebuttal is taken up by the two attorneys representing the State.
What this statement will be the defendant's lawyers themselves profess not to know. They have had little or no part in framing it, they say. All they know is that he proposes to make one, and that he has been preparing it piecemeal as the trial has progressed and one point after another has arisen.
Whether it will be a formal statement read verbatim, no one knows except the prisoner and possibly his immediate relatives.
If the lawyers know they are keeping it darkly a secret. They believe, they have ventured to say, that it will be more or less informal and that it will be in the nature of an address to the jury and the court based upon the notes that Frank has made from time to time during the trial.
Appeal To Reason.
That there will be little appeal to the emotions of the jurors is practically a foregone conclusion. It is the purpose of Frank, it is understood, to appeal directly to the reason and common sense of the twelve men - to outline to them as he has outlined to his own attorneys the weak points or improbabilities in the negro Conley's story.
As well as this, it is his intention to picture to them his every movement during the entire day and to represent the physical impossibility of his having committed the crime and disposed of the body as Conley describes if his alibi as set up by a score of witnesses is accepted by the jury.
The statement will embrace much to which he testified at the Coroner's inquest. But there will be much more. He will go into some things on which his own lawyers have not touched. The statement practically is certain to form a most remarkable and most import portion of the record of the trial's proceedings.
What promised to provide a sensation during the presentation of the defendant's case may collapse into nothing. This is W.H. Mincey and has startling declaration that he saw Jim Conley on the afternoon of the murder, and that Jim bragged to him that he had killed a girl that afternoon and didn't want to kill anyone else.
Appear to Doubt Mincey.
The attorneys for the defense have not been willing to say whether or not they would call Mincey. They have appeared to entertain some doubts of Mincey's credibility. Reuben Arnold said Saturday that he was not prepared to say that he would or would not call Mincey.
If Mincey's story could be corroborated it would furnish a most effective weapon in winning the battle for Frank's life. Granting it's truthfulness, it is the most definite and direct evidence of the entire case. Embracing as it does a virtual confession of murder on the part of the negro.
Mincey said he met Conley at Electric avenue and Carter street Saturday afternoon, April 26. Conley was partially intoxicated and becoming angered at Mincey's insistence that he take out an insurance policy threatened the agent and boasted of killing a girl shortly before according to the affidavit made by Mincey.
If Mincey goes on the stand his testimony will become the target for some of the State's strongest rebuttal. That and the character of Frank will divide the attention of the Solicitor. He will not bother about much else. He is content to let Conley's story, as bolstered and strengthened by the testimony of detectives and other witnesses, stand as a sufficient rebuttal for practically all of the evidence that the defense has brought out in favor of Frank. The Solicitor believes that when the arguments go before the jury the members will be willing to accept the story of the negro as against that of Frank.
After Frank's Character.
Dorsey, however, has been unceasing in his efforts to wreck Frank's character. He has branded him as a degenerate and a criminal of the worst type. The introduction of character witnesses by the defense has given him a new opening, and he proposes to take every advantage of it. His attitude is shown in a colloquy between himself and Judge Roan.
"How far do you intend to go in that line of testimony?" inquired the judge.
"Just exactly as far as your honor will let me," Dorsey replied.
Judge Roan remonstrated that the Solicitor General should not seek to introduce evidence that he knew was illegal. The Solicitor smiled.
Dorsey has about twenty witnesses he will use in an effort to destroy all of the favorable impression created by the 100 character witnesses who have testified for Frank so far in the trial. From some of them he has promised to produce testimony of the most sensational sort.
One young, Dewey Hewell, not yet out of her teens, was brought all the way from Cincinnati last Friday for the express purpose of testifying against the young factory superintendent.
PAGE 4
SUPREME TEST COMES AS STATE TRAINS GUNS ON FRANK'S CHARACTER
Defendant Will Take the Stand Early in Week to Give His Account of His Movements on Day Mary Phagan Was Killed.
ATTORNEYS SEEKING TO PROVE A COMPLETE LIE
Believed That Case Will Stand or Fall On Efforts of Prosecution to Prove Its Charge of Immorality Against the Accused.
BY AN OLD POLICE REPORTER
The third week of the Frank trial came to an end at noon Saturday.
The defense has not yet concluded it's case, but confidently expects to finish within the next day or two.
It's last card and one of it's biggest, will be the defendant's statement. This statement is scheduled for the early part of the week.
It will mark the climax of the defense's case, just as Conley's story marked the climax of the State's.
It became more and more evident as the case progressed during the past week that the defense is pitting Frank squarely against Conley - that it is to be Frank's life or Conley's life for little Mary Phagan's, snuffed out cruelly nearly four months ago in the National Pencil Factory.
Frank's statement on the stand which the law permits one to make, but not under oath, and which may be accented by the jury, either in whole or in part, in preference to all the sworn testimony, will be matched against the story the negro told so dramatically and with such frightful emphasis after the case got under way.
Into the negro's story, moreover was injected the question of Frank's general character, particularly in one unmentionable direction, and this the defense will undertake to offset completely and finally.
More than a hundred witnesses have been summoned to notify to Frank's good character, and these include men and women from every walk of life where it could be shown that such witnesses had come in contact with Frank from time to time in such wise as to be competent judges of his general character.
DALTON'S TESTIMONY IMPEACHED.
Already the one witness (Dalton) so far introduced by the State to corroborate Conley has been successfully impeached by the defense, and it is likely that others introduced to the negro also will be subjected to impeachment proceedings if the defense suspects that it may successfully inaugurate the same.
The defense seemingly has realized fully the heavy necessity of breaking down Conley's awfully story, not only in direct connection with the murder, but in every phase of it that bears upon character of the defendant.
As a primary proposition, the advantage in the situation he set up dwells within the defense.
In the first place, Frank goes to the jury with the presumption of innocence in his favor. The burden is not upon him to make out a case in behalf of himself. It is upon the State to make out a case against him.
Moreover, the only right of appeal attaching to person indicted for felonies is within the defense. Once the State loses, it is lost forever.
The State must allege and prove the guilt of the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt, and fight right up to that minute.
If there remains a reasonable doubt of Frank's guilt factor, the last word has been said to the jury, Frank under the law is entitled to it, and if the trial jury fails to award it, a court of review will remedy the legal wrong thus inflicted upon him.
ALL STATE TESTIMONY SWORN.
The State, moreover, must submit every bit of its evidence to the last shred or patch under oath.
The defense, on the contrary may clear itself upon testimony not one word of which is sworn to.
The State's star witness Conley, also comes into court a confessed accessory after the fact of the murder, a confessed fabricator in numerous conflicting statements as to his knowledge of and connection with the crime and accompanied by a well-established jail record fearfully and wonderfully made up.
His is a much harder story to hold up than Frank's viewing the two stories generally and in their broader personal aspects.
Even without Conley to be sure, the State still has a circumstantial case against Frank that might compel considerable attention and respect but there are few people who seemingly believe that it alone would be sufficiently strong to convict.
It probably is a realization of the State's tremendous task involved in the holding together of Conley's story, that had called
PAGE 5
DORSEY SURE OF CASE AS CRISIS COMES
Solicitor Expects to Prove That Frank Had Life Which He Hid From Relatives and Friends
the defense to train lie every gun squarely upon it, for Conley's story will the State be forced to stand or fail eventually.
One of the curious things about the Frank case is the way the question of his general character got into the pleadings.
Theoretically, the defense alone may put the defendant's character in issue - it being contemplated by the law that no man shall be required, without his consent, to answer more than one charge at one and the same time.
And so far as legal strategy and astuteness is concerned, the State outgenerals the defense in the matter of getting Frank's character before the jury.
Had Conley, the State's star witness, been a man, even a negro, of respectability and approximately good previous record, the necessity of attaching to Frank the charge of utter depravity might not have seemed so pressing. But Frank's previous good record seemed so well established, and his standing generally was thought to be so high, that it contrasted rather painfully with the record of the main witness of all others (Conley) set up for the defendant's undoing.
The State doubtless knew that the unspeakable portion of Conley's evidence was primarily inadmissible, but it also knew that the defense would eb taking rather a long chance to move its rejection when tendered.
In that event, a sinister and certainly dangerous impression would have been left upon the mind of the jury.
So the State deliberately drew out of Conley the unmentionable charge, which, in addition to the murder charge, undoubtedly made absolutely necessary the injection of Frank's character in issue.
The defense, in not objecting to the admission of the evidence last cited when it was first offered, may have been moved by the idea that it would, in the cross-examination of Conley, so break him down that it still might save itself the necessity of pleading Frank's good character that it would even be able to make the frightful charge of perversion act as a boomerang on Conley!
Defense Objects too Late.
Seemingly, that idea, if it ever existed, was dissipated as the Conley cross-examination proceeded, however, eventually the defense DID move to strike out the evidence, but at that time it was too late.
Having walked into the trap set by the State, if it indeed was a trap, the defense could not very well extricate itself save by pleading Frank's complete good character, and thus in a sweeping way dispose of the specific charge lodged against Frank by Conley, in addition to the murder charge.
Once committed to the necessity of establishing Frank's good character, however, the defense went at it in no half-hearted way. It summoned indiscriminately every employee of the National Pencil Factory, male and female, old and new, and with unanimous voice they testified willingly and thoroughly that the defendant's general character is good.
In addition to these witnesses, business men, former college professors and classmates and dozens of others fell into line with the same line of evidence.
The State now stands, therefore where it must close up the gap between its primary allegation, dependent alone upon Conley's word so far, and the absolute proof of his sinister story.
If the State in rebuttal is able to prove conclusively that Frank is the thing Conley has labeled him, the State's case will go to the jury dangerously formidable.
If it fails to substantiate and corroborate Conley, it will go to the jury greatly weakens.
To overcome the fine showing as to Frank's good character made by the defense the State must bring forth witnesses in rebuttal that can not be impeached.
The ingression throughout Atlanta is that to fall in the establishment and corroboration of Conley's story by witnesses of integrity and standing will be to fall in a crisis heavily important to the State now.
Liability Becomes Asset.
Strange to say - there are so many strange things to say in this surprisingly strange Phagan story - one of the State's apparent weakness is proving, in one direction, to be one of it's greatest elements of strength.
The defense's strenuous insistence that Conley's remarkable story is impossible is one reason why a lot of people are saying that it is impossible. Conley may have manufactured it out of the whole cloth.
If it is a lie, it is a lie too devilishly cunning for a negro of Conley's limited mentality to conjure or carry in his own mind in such remarkable detail these people hold. If the negro were only less sure of everything, if he had wabbled dangerously under the terrific grilling administered by Luther Z. Rosser, if he had broken down or contradicted himself in any essential detail once he got to the witness stand, it now would be an easier thing for many people, fair-minded enough too, to believe the negro's tale a mass of lies from start to finish!
And the danger in the defense here is that if Conley's story sticks in the minds of the jury even in fractional part, it probably just as well stick in its in entirety, so far as the hope of acquittal upon this trial is concerned.
In other words, many people are arguing to themselves that the negro no matter how hard he tried and no matter how generously he was coached, still never could have framed up a story like the one he told, unless there was somewhere in it some foundation in fact.
And if there remains the impression of even a little foundation in fact, the defense is damaged beyond repair.
And so it gets back to where it started, and to where it will end -it is Conley pitted against Frank!
The State, with the burden of proof to carry, appears to have considerably more of an uphill fight on its hands than the defense has and yet the very nature of both fights - uncompromising, and neither asking nor giving quarter -makes it something of a toss-up, really, as to which actually, and as a matter of fact, has the harder task to perform.
Undoubtedly, the defense expects to profit much through its insistence that the time element as set up in Conley's story, constitutes a most vital and compelling factor in determining the truth or falsity of the entire story.
Rely on State Witnesses.
It is rather odd, too, that the defense should be relying upon the State's witnesses in this matter quits as much as upon it's own. It will seek to use generously the State's witnesses to the State's embarrassment - through the discrediting of Conley's story - in several different directions.
The defense is seeking to show how utterly absurd Conley's story is from Frank's point of view by setting up these incompatible things.
That Mary Phagan (Conley's testimony) reached the pencil factory sufficiently well in advance of Monteen Stover (Conley's testimony) to go up to Frank's office, get her say, he lured to a room in the rear and killed, notwithstanding the fact that Miss Stover (Conley's and Miss Stover's testimony) reached the factory at 12:03. And this despite the fact that Mary Phagan could not have been in the factory before 12:12. In any event, as shown by Mrs. Coleman (Mary's mother), George Epps, a motorman and a conductor.
To get around this state of things, set up for the most part by the Sate's own witnesses, the State already has suggested, by a line of examination probably to be amplified that that the car upon which Mary Phagan came into town on Saturday, April 26, was running AHEAD of scheduled time, and that the little girl did, as a matter of fact, reach the factory be fore 12:12, and that the clock in the factory, by which both Miss Stover and Conley testified as to the time was running SLOW on the day of the crime.
In other words, to meet its own, witnesses' statements, the State will move backward the time of the street car and move forward the time of the office clock!
If the State can do that, which looks like a big job, it will eliminate the dangerous time element in one direction, at least; but if it can not do that, it will find itself in a most trying position.
And whether it now can get away from its own established time element is one of the very prettiest problems involved in the entire case thus far!
Again, the defense will insist that the time element cuts in another direction most favorably in Frank's behalf, when it will show by Conley's evidence that the disposing of Mary Phagan's body began at 12:56, but that Frank was seen at the corner of Alabama and Whitehall streets at 1:10, waiting for a car. The latter fact is testified to by Miss Helen Curran positively, and she is unimpeachable.
The defense contends that the body of Mary Phagan could not have been disposed of, and the things done that Conley alleges were done, within the fourteen minutes of time thus allowed, between the beginning of the work, according to Conley, and the time of Frank's presence two blocks and a half away.
Conley would have been obliged to dispose of the body in the remarkable way he says he did, have written the notes, remained in the wardrobe eight minutes or more, all within the fourteen minutes.
According to the State's own witnesses, Conley was in the wardrobe eight minutes and used six minutes framing the notes. This would have consumed the entire fourteen minutes, without the dead girl's body ever having been touched.
It is admitted among lawyers generally that there is no defense so completely effective as sustained alibi - which means that the crime alleged was committed in the absence and without the knowledge of the alleged principle to it, or, more properly state, perhaps, that the crime could not have been committed by the defendant because it would have been a physical impossibility for him to have affected it, in the circumstances of it.
The past week, of course, was the defense's day in court, and it is but fair to say that it made good use of it.
Challenge to State.
It has frankly and aggressively urged Frank's character as a vital fact in his favor, and it thereby challenged the State to do it's very worst by way of breaking that character down, if it can.
This attitude upon the part of the defense undoubtedly has had a steadying effect upon the public, too, for it seems at least to have suspended judgement pending the State's rebuttal.
In addition to its insistence upon Frank's good character, the defense unquestionably has given the State serious concern in the way it has brought forward the time element, and that in two separate and distinct directions.
If it successfully maintains either one of it's time theories, it will have greatly discredited Conley's story. If it successfully maintains both theories, it will have about discredited the Conley story to the point of complete collapse.
As it was out of order to conclude at the end of the second week of the Frank trial, however, that the State had made out a case that could not be broken down, so it now is out of order to conclude that the defense has broken down the State.
The State for one thing does not appear to be particularly alarmed, either by the injection of Frank's character or by the turning of the time element against the Conley story.
The State, it must be remembered, has not yet entered or disclosed it's rebuttal, either of the character evidence or the undermining of its own witnesses as to the time elements stated.
State Seems Confident.
It is perfectly confident of it's ability to show that Frank's character is not good, despite the opinions of his friends, business associates and acquaintances, and it will insist, indeed that as in other depraved characters of the sort it claims Frank to be, his business acquaintances, his relatives and his social intimates would be the very last people of all to discover the truth concerning him.
The State, in seeking to prove Frank a dissolute character, may be forced to the summoning of dissolute characters, with whom he is alleged to have been associated in degrading practices, in order to prove its contention.
Thus witnesses, brought out by the State to establish Frank's depravity are apt to be easier marks for impeachment proceedings than witnesses of the ordinary sort, and to that extent the breaking down of Frank's character is pregnant with difficulty.
Nevertheless, the State proposes to establish the fact of Frank's degeneracy by witnesses of sufficient credibility, particularly in the nature of the charge sought to be proved, to get by at least in sufficient numbers to overwhelm the defendant.
If the State can put up even one or two witnesses that can weather the gale of the defense's rights of impeachment, it will have put Frank in a most unenviable position before the jury. If, therefore, it puts up 50 witnesses, and 48 of them get knocked out, there still will remain the two that stood the test!
Here, then, is another pretty problem to be thrashed out: Can the State, in sustaining a charge of degeneracy against Frank, bright forth witnesses to prove it absolutely, and at the same time not bring forth witnesses so much a party to Frank's offense that they will run serious risks in testifying themselves?
A witness who is willing to swear that he saw Frank do thus and so, or was party to Frank's doing thus and so, if the thus and so is particularly reprehensible, is apt to get in pretty thin ice himself, if he isn't very careful.
The State says it can and will rebut Frank's good character. If it does, Frank is in unutterably bad shape; but if it doesn't, Frank's cause must be helped tremendously.
Girl on Stand Shouts She
Would Die for Leo Frank
Employee of Pencil Factory Furnishes Dramatic Incident of Day - Dressing Room Evidence Is Brought Out.
More than one hundred witnesses had been called to testify in defense of Leo M. Frank's character when the third week of the factory superintendent's trial concluded shortly after 1 o'clock Saturday.
Character witnesses occupied most of the time during the four hours of Saturday's session. They displayed a remarkable loyalty to their employer, who is being tried on the charge of being the murderer of little Mary Phagan. Only one of the number, Miss Irene Jackson, gave testimony in any way prejudicial to the case of Frank.
The character testimony, the tale of the finding of Mary Phagan's envelope and other so-called clews on the first floor of the factory by W.D. McWorth, Pinkerton operative, and the return of Mrs. Rae Frank, mother of the defendant, formed the important features of the day.
Girl Furnishes Incident.
A spectacular incident, which would have been even more amusing than it proved had it not been for the evidence sincerity and profound earnestness of the witness, came in the testimony of Miss Sarah Barnes, one of the pencil factory employees.
"I'd die for Mr. Frank if they'd let me!" she exclaimed almost the instant she had composed herself in the witness chair. Attorney Arnold had only time to ask her the formal question: "Do you know Leo M. Frank, the defendant in this case?" before she launched into a euglogistic description of the young factor superintendent that left her breathless at the end of five minutes."
The attorney sought to interject another of the formal questions prescribed by law but by the time she had caught her breath and was engaged in telling her willingness to lay down her life, if need be, to prove the guiltlessness of Frank.
Attorney Arnold could not stop her. The court could not damn the flood of words. She had a mind to speak and she was determined to speak without check and without interruption.
"I know Frank couldn't have committed such a terrible deed," she cried, accompanying her declaration with an emphatic brandishing of her folder fan. "I have known him ever since I have been in the pencil factory. He has always been kind to all of the employees and to the girls in particular. He never has done any of these things that have been told about him. He has always been a gentleman."
Willing to Die for Him.
"I've had to fight for him, almost, a number of times since these awful charges have been made against him. I'm willing to fight for him again. I am willing to die in his place."
At this point she turned toward the jury and said:
"You can give me any sort of a death you want. I know he is an innocent man. I just wish that I could make everyone believe in his innocence."
Attorney Arnold succeeded in the brief space of one of the moments when she paused for a fresh start to ask the remainder of the questions he desired, and then gave her to Solicitor Dorsey.
Dorsey met with the same trouble. He tried to get her to stay with whom she had talked about the testimony to which she was to swear. Disregarding his question as though it never had been asked, she continued in her encomiums of Frank until the court-room spectators were convulsed with laughter and the Solicitor filled with disgust at his inability to get the sort of answer he wanted from the girl.
Miss Irene Jackson daughter of County Policeman A. W. Jackson, was called by the defense as a character witness, but gave testimony on her cross-examination in regard to conduct by Frank which the State has construed as highly improper.
Looked in Dressing Room.
Miss Jackson said that so far as she knew the character of Frank was good and that she never had known to attempt any liberties with the factory girls. To the Solicitor she admitted, however, that she three times had been in the girls' dressing when Frank had pushed open the door and looked in.
Once Emmeline Mayfield had been in the room with her, she said: once Mamie Kitchen and once her own sister. Her sister had threatened to quit as this last operator she testified, but she had been persuaded against it.
She said that Frank merely pushed the door in, looked in, on on one occasion smiled toward Miss Kitchen and then turned around and walked away. She testified that the girls never were any further in a condition of redress than lacking their overskirt.
Solicitor Dorsey inquired of her in regard to a reported remark of N. V. Darley general manager, that "if the girls stay with us through this, they will not lose by it." She said she had overheard Darley say this.
Many Employees Called.
The following pencil company employees were called as character witnesses during the day.
Misses Mollie Blair, Ethel Stewart, Sarah Barnes, Corinthia Hall, Ida Hayes, Eula May Flowers, Elma Hayes, Minnie Foster, Obie Dickerson, Gussie Wallace, Annie Osman, Bessie Thrallkill, Allie Dunham, Rebecca Carson, Maude Wright, Irene Jackson, and Mesdames Emma Freeman and Ella Thomas.
PAGE 6
LEO FRANK IS READY TO REVEAL HIS STORY
Accused Superintendent to Appeal to Reason of the Men Who Will Decide His Fate
COUNSEL FOR DEFENSE DECLARE HE ALONE HAS PREPARED STATEMENT
Defendant Will in No Way Try to Stir Emotion of Jurors, But Will Simply Outline His Contention as to Tragedy.
Leo M. Frank's statement to the jury, delayed from last week by the swarm of character witnesses brought in at the last moment, is the main factor of interest remaining in the trial of the National Pencil Factory superintendent before the rebuttal is taken up by the two attorneys representing the State.
What this statement will be the defendant's lawyers themselves profess not to know. They have had little or no part in framing it, they say. All they know is that he proposes to make one, and that he has been preparing it piecemeal as the trial has progressed and one point after another has arisen.
Whether it will be a formal statement read verbatim, no one knows except the prisoner and possibly his immediate relatives.
If the lawyers know they are keeping it darkly a secret. They believe, they have ventured to say, that it will be more or less informal and that it will be in the nature of an address to the jury and the court based upon the notes that Frank has made from time to time during the trial.
Appeal To Reason.
That there will be little appeal to the emotions of the jurors is practically a foregone conclusion. It is the purpose of Frank, it is understood, to appeal directly to the reason and common sense of the twelve men - to outline to them as he has outlined to his own attorneys the weak points or improbabilities in the negro Conley's story.
As well as this, it is his intention to picture to them his every movement during the entire day and to represent the physical impossibility of his having committed the crime and disposed of the body as Conley describes if his alibi as set up by a score of witnesses is accepted by the jury.
The statement will embrace much to which he testified at the Coroner's inquest. But there will be much more. He will go into some things on which his own lawyers have not touched. The statement practically is certain to form a most remarkable and most import portion of the record of the trial's proceedings.
What promised to provide a sensation during the presentation of the defendant's case may collapse into nothing. This is W.H. Mincey and has startling declaration that he saw Jim Conley on the afternoon of the murder, and that Jim bragged to him that he had killed a girl that afternoon and didn't want to kill anyone else.
Appear to Doubt Mincey.
The attorneys for the defense have not been willing to say whether or not they would call Mincey. They have appeared to entertain some doubts of Mincey's credibility. Reuben Arnold said Saturday that he was not prepared to say that he would or would not call Mincey.
If Mincey's story could be corroborated it would furnish a most effective weapon in winning the battle for Frank's life. Granting it's truthfulness, it is the most definite and direct evidence of the entire case. Embracing as it does a virtual confession of murder on the part of the negro.
Mincey said he met Conley at Electric avenue and Carter street Saturday afternoon, April 26. Conley was partially intoxicated and becoming angered at Mincey's insistence that he take out an insurance policy threatened the agent and boasted of killing a girl shortly before according to the affidavit made by Mincey.
If Mincey goes on the stand his testimony will become the target for some of the State's strongest rebuttal. That and the character of Frank will divide the attention of the Solicitor. He will not bother about much else. He is content to let Conley's story, as bolstered and strengthened by the testimony of detectives and other witnesses, stand as a sufficient rebuttal for practically all of the evidence that the defense has brought out in favor of Frank. The Solicitor believes that when the arguments go before the jury the members will be willing to accept the story of the negro as against that of Frank.
After Frank's Character.
Dorsey, however, has been unceasing in his efforts to wreck Frank's character. He has branded him as a degenerate and a criminal of the worst type. The introduction of character witnesses by the defense has given him a new opening, and he proposes to take every advantage of it. His attitude is shown in a colloquy between himself and Judge Roan.
"How far do you intend to go in that line of testimony?" inquired the judge.
"Just exactly as far as your honor will let me," Dorsey replied.
Judge Roan remonstrated that the Solicitor General should not seek to introduce evidence that he knew was illegal. The Solicitor smiled.
Dorsey has about twenty witnesses he will use in an effort to destroy all of the favorable impression created by the 100 character witnesses who have testified for Frank so far in the trial. From some of them he has promised to produce testimony of the most sensational sort.
One young, Dewey Hewell, not yet out of her teens, was brought all the way from Cincinnati last Friday for the express purpose of testifying against the young factory superintendent.
PAGE 7
FRANK'S COUNSEL BIT BY BIT BUILDS STRUCTURE TO CRUSH CONLEY STORY
Intricate Mass of Circumstantial Evidence Is Assembled to Disprove Direct Testimony of Negro and Corroboration Theories of State
DEFENDANT'S MORALS TO BE NEXT BATTLE GROUND
An intricate structure is being raised by Leo Frank's lawyers as his defense against the formidable case made out by the prosecution. Little by little it's parts were laid all during last week's period of the trial, with no less than 50 witnesses as agents.
No one of the many witnesses for the defense has given testimony that in itself was essentially significant. But each one has embodied an attack on the State's case, testifying against the character of a damaging anti-Frank witness, or to Frank's good character, or as to the likelihood of expert testimony that the State drew forth.
The case of the defense, as it was made out with the close call the week's session, is a structure of little bits. It is an attempt to overcome a long line of circumstantial evidence and the direct testimony of a single witness Jim Conley - with another long line of circumstances. In this case as the week has revealed, the State is truly the aggressive, the defense truly the defensive.
Arnold Charges Scheme.
Most strenuous of the attempts by the defense has been that to prove the examination of witnesses along the lines of Frank's alleged immoral conduct. Time and again Solicitor Dorsey has asked witnesses if they have heard of certain actions by Frank in connection with young girls. Each time a heated objected had come from Reuben Arnold, Frank's attorney, who has charged that the questions are without foundation and that they are framed merely to set the prisoner up in an evil light before the jury.
To Lawyer Arnold's objection was added the protest of the prisoner's mother in a startling dramatic manner. Plainly overwrought bordering on the hysterical Mrs. Frank rose from her seat after Dorsey asked J. Ashley Jones if he had heard of Frank's immoral behavior with a little girl.
Mrs. Frank trembling and pale-faced. She advanced toward the Solicitor and pointed a finger at him.
"No, he hasn't heard" she cried, her voice almost a shriek. "Nor you either."
The situation was doubly dramatic coming as it did unexpectedly. Mr. Frank has been apparently the calmest and coolest and most courageous person in the courtroom since the trial began, not a quiver of her face betokening lack of composure. No one expected the outburst from her.
Dorsey's Look Triumphant.
To all the protests of the however, Solicitor Dorsey declared that the State can prove the charges of gross immoral conduct against Frank, and will bring witnesses to that effect on rebuttal. There was something triumphant in the Solicitor's bearing when Frank's attorneys introduced testimony to prove the good character of the prisoner.
This lets down the bars. The prosecution now may produce witnesses in rebuttal to attack Frank's character and his behavior in case they have such evidence in hand. The Solicitor announces that he has this evidence and will produce it.
At one time, during the week's course of the trial, it was hinted that forty or fifty witnesses will be called by the State when the case again comes into its hands in reply to the testimony for the defense. In that event, the trial will be prolonged through the greater part of week. Several days undoubtedly will be required for the lawyers' arguments of the case which has become one of the most complicated and tangled of Georgia's legal history. And though it is not unlikely that the last week of the month will come before the verdict of the jury is announced.
Testimony on which the defendant relies most was produced in that of/for several medical experts - Dr. George Bachman, Dr. T.H. Hancock, Dr. Willis Westmoreland, Dr. W.S. Kendrick, and Dr. William Owens. All these men were called to reply to the statement of Dr. Harris of Fulton (or Atlanta?) Board of Health whose testimony is
PAGE 8
MORAL CONDUCT OF FRANK NOW IS BATTLE GROUND
Solicitor General Apparently Welcomes Arnold's Putting Defendant's Character in Issue.
Continued from Page 1
believed to be hurtful to the defense.
He had declared that the undigested bills of cabbage in Mary Phagan's stomach proved she was killed within a short period after her midday meal. The whole contention of the State is that Frank killed Mary Phagan before 12:30 o'clock on the afternoon of April 26, and the fact has been established that she ate dinner less than an hour before that time.
But the experts called by the defense were almost unanimous in declaring that Dr. Harris could have been mistaken, however positively he stated his opinion. A bitter fight developed on cross-examination of each of the experts.
Bitter also was the fight that came over the testimony of Dr. William Owens. It was he who timed the actions of mimics when they rehearsed pantomime Conley's version of the death of Mary Phagan some time after his arrest. Eighteen and a half minutes were taken up by the incident, a length of time which seems to offset the State's theory that the murder was done and the body disposed of within a short time. Solicitor Dorsey objected to the introduction of the testimony, but Judge Roan allowed it to be entered, with the remark that he would study the arguments for and against and announce later a judgement as to its admissibility.
The hope and belief of the defense that the commission of the crime may be laid on the shoulders of Jim Conley was revealed in the course of the Owens examination, when Lawyer Arnold made a heated statement.
Arnold Accuses Conley.
Solicitor Dorsey was objecting to the admission of the evidence concerning the murder in pantomime, and spoke sarcastically of its features.
"Your honor," he protested to Judge Roan, "you're surely not going to allow a thing lie this."
"I don't know what I am going to do." Replied Judge Roan.
The Solicitor turned to the Judge at this accusation of Conley.
"Now, your honor," he said, "that won't do".
"Judge Roan agreed with him, and the examination proceeded.
Following the examination of the expert witnesses the defense produced men who were classmates and associates of Frank in college to testify to his good character. It was at this juncture that the hearing of the Solicitor plainly revealed triumph. He had contended all during the trial that he would produce evidence of Frank's immoral behavior if an opening were given him. This was the opening.
The first four character witnesses were A.K. Lane and R.A. Knight of Brooklyn and Philip Nash of Greenwood. N. J. and J. Ashley Jones, an insurance man of Atlanta. Others, the defense was announced will be brought forth. The attitude of Frank's lawyers is that of defying the prosecution to attack the prisoner's moral character.
PAGE 9
FACTORY GIRL ACCUSES FRANK
Irene Jackson, pictured below, is an 18-year-old ex-employee of the Pencil Company. On the stand yesterday she testified as follows:
"Emily Mayfield and I were in the ladies' dressing room of the factory one morning when the door opened suddenly and Frank came in. I was fully dressed, but Emily stood in her underskirt. Frank said nothing and walked out. Another time I was in the dressing room with my sister, who as lying down. Frank came in, but walked out again, saying nothing. The third time, I was in the dressing room with Mamie Kitchens when Frank came in. I was not dressed. He pushed open, the door without knocking, looked at us, and then left."
SUPREME TEST COMES AS STATE TRAINS GUNS ON FRANK'S CHARACTER
Defendant Will Take the Stand Early in Week to Give His Account of His Movements on Day Mary Phagan Met Death in Pencil Factory.
ATTORNEYS SEEKING TO ESTABLISH COMPLETE ALIBI
Believed That Case Will Stand or Fall On Efforts of Prosecution to Prove Its Charge of Immorality Against the Accused --- Many Witnesses Called.
TRIAL TO LAST THROUGH WEEK, LAWYERS THINK BY AN OLD POLICE REPORTER
The third week of the Frank trial came to an end at noon Saturday.
The defense has not yet concluded it's case, but confidently expects to finish within the next day or two.
It's last card and one of it's biggest, will be the defendant's statement. This statement is scheduled for the early part of the week.
It will mark the climax of the defense's case, just as Conley's story marked the climax of the State's.
It became more and more evident as the case progressed during the past week that the defense is pitting Frank squarely against Conley - that it is to be Frank's life or Conley's life for little Mary Phagan's, snuffed out cruelly nearly four months ago in the National Pencil Factory.
Frank's statement on the stand which the law permits one to make, but not under oath, and which may be accented by the jury, either in whole or in part, in preference to all the sworn testimony, will be matched against the story the negro told so dramatically and with such frightful emphasis after the case got under way.
Into the negro's story, moreover was injected the question of Frank's general character, particularly in one unmentionable direction, and this the defense will undertake to offset completely and finally.
More than a hundred witnesses have been summoned to notify to Frank's good character, and these include men and women from every walk of life where it could be shown that such witnesses had come in contact with Frank from time to time in such wise as to be competent judges of his general character.
DALTON'S TESTIMONY IMPEACHED.
Already the one witness (Dalton) so far introduced by the State to corroborate Conley has been successfully impeached by the defense, and it is likely that others introduced to the negro also will be subjected to impeachment proceedings if the defense suspects that it may successfully inaugurate the same.
The defense seemingly has realized fully the heavy necessity of breaking down Conley's awfully story, not only in direct connection with the murder, but in every phase of it that bears upon character of the defendant.
As a primary proposition, the advantage in the situation he set up dwells within the defense.
In the first place, Frank goes to the jury with the presumption of innocence in his favor. The burden is not upon him to make out a case in behalf of himself. It is upon the State to make out a case against him.
Moreover, the only right of appeal attaching to person indicted for felonies is within the defense. Once the State loses, it is lost forever.
The State must allege and prove the guilt of the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt, and fight right up to that minute.
If there remains a reasonable doubt of Frank's guilt factor, the last word has been said to the jury, Frank under the law is entitled to it, and if the trial jury fails to award it, a court of review will remedy the legal wrong thus inflicted upon him.
ALL STATE TESTIMONY SWORN.
The State, moreover, must submit every bit of its evidence to the last shred or patch under oath.
The defense, on the contrary may clear itself upon testimony not one word of which is sworn to.
The State's star witness Conley, also comes into court a confessed accessory after the fact of the murder, a confessed fabricator in numerous conflicting statements as to his knowledge of and connection with the crime and accompanied by a well-established jail record fearfully and wonderfully made up.
His is a much harder story to hold up than Frank's viewing the two stories generally and in their broader personal aspects.
Even without Conley to be sure, the State still has a circumstantial case against Frank that might compel considerable attention and respect but there are few people who seemingly believe that it alone would be sufficiently strong to convict.
It probably is a realization of the State's tremendous task involved in the holding together of Conley's story, that had called
PAGE 10
DORSEY SURE OF CASE AS CRISIS COMES
Solicitor Expects to Prove That Frank Had Life Which He Hid From Relatives and Friends
INTEREST CENTRES ON ATTACK ON CHARACTER
Continued from Page 1.
The defense to train lie every gun squarely upon it, for Conley's story will the State be forced to stand or fail eventually.
One of the curious things about the Frank case is the way the question of his general character got into the pleadings.
Theoretically, the defense alone may put the defendant's character in issue - it being contemplated by the law that no man shall be required, without his consent, to answer more than one charge at one and the same time.
And so far as legal strategy and astuteness is concerned, the State outgenerals the defense in the matter of getting Frank's character before the jury.
Had Conley, the State's star witness, been a man, even a negro, of respectability and approximately good previous record, the necessity of attaching to Frank the charge of utter depravity might not have seemed so pressing. But Frank's previous good record seemed so well established, and his standing generally was thought to be so high, that it contrasted rather painfully with the record of the main witness of all others (Conley) set up for the defendant's undoing.
The State doubtless knew that the unspeakable portion of Conley's evidence was primarily inadmissible, but it also knew that the defense would eb taking rather a long chance to move its rejection when tendered.
In that event, a sinister and certainly dangerous impression would have been left upon the mind of the jury.
So the State deliberately drew out of Conley the unmentionable charge, which, in addition to the murder charge, undoubtedly made absolutely necessary the injection of Frank's character in issue.
The defense, in not objecting to the admission of the evidence last cited when it was first offered, may have been moved by the idea that it would, in the cross-examination of Conley, so break him down that it still might save itself the necessity of pleading Frank's good character that it would even be able to make the frightful charge of perversion act as a boomerang on Conley!
Defense's Delay Gives State Victory.
Seemingly, that idea, if it ever existed, was dissipated as the Conley cross-examination proceeded, however, eventually the defense DID move to strike out the evidence, but at that time it was too late.
Having walked into the trap set by the State, if it indeed was a trap, the defense could not very well extricate itself save by pleading Frank's complete good character, and thus in a sweeping way dispose of the specific charge lodged against Frank by Conley, in addition to the murder charge.
Once committed to the necessity of establishing Frank's good character, however, the defense went at it in no half-hearted way. It summoned indiscriminately every employee of the National Pencil Factory, male and female, old and new, and with unanimous voice they testified willingly and thoroughly that the defendant's general character is good.
In addition to these witnesses, business men, former college professors and classmates and dozens of others fell into line with the same line of evidence.
The State now stands, therefore where it must close up the gap between its primary allegation, dependent alone upon Conley's word so far, and the absolute proof of his sinister story.
If the State in rebuttal is able to prove conclusively that Frank is the thing Conley has labeled him, the State's case will go to the jury dangerously formidable.
If it fails to substantiate and corroborate Conley, it will go to the jury greatly weakens.
To overcome the fine showing as to Frank's good character made by the defense the State must bring forth witnesses in rebuttal that can not be impeached.
The ingression throughout Atlanta is that to fall in the establishment and corroboration of Conley's story by witnesses of integrity and standing will be to fall in a crisis heavily important to the State now.
Liability Becomes Asset.
Strange to say - there are so many strange things to say in this surprisingly strange Phagan story - one of the State's apparent weakness is proving, in one direction, to be one of it's greatest elements of strength.
The defense's strenuous insistence that Conley's remarkable story is impossible is one reason why a lot of people are saying that it is impossible. Conley may have manufactured it out of the whole cloth.
If it is a lie, it is a lie too devilishly cunning for a negro of Conley's limited mentality to conjure or carry in his own mind in such remarkable detail these people hold. If the negro were only less sure of everything, if he had wabbled dangerously under the terrific grilling administered by Luther Z. Rosser, if he had broken down or contradicted himself in any essential detail once he got to the witness stand, it now would be an easier thing for many people, fair-minded enough too, to believe the negro's tale a mass of lies from start to finish!
And the danger in the defense here is that if Conley's story sticks in the minds of the jury even in fractional part, it probably just as well stick in its in entirety, so far as the hope of acquittal upon this trial is concerned.
Whole Story Must Be Torn Asunder.
In other words, many people are arguing to themselves that the negro no matter how hard he tried and no matter how generously he was coached, still never could have framed up a story like the one he told, unless there was somewhere in it some foundation in fact.
And if there remains the impression of even a little foundation in fact, the defense is damaged beyond repair.
And so it gets back to where it started, and to where it will end -it is Conley pitted against Frank!
The State, with the burden of proof to carry, appears to have considerably more of an uphill fight on its hands than the defense has and yet the very nature of both fights - uncompromising, and neither asking nor giving quarter -makes it something of a toss-up, really, as to which actually, and as a matter of fact, has the harder task to perform.
Undoubtedly, the defense expects to profit much through its insistence that the time element as set up in Conley's story, constitutes a most vital and compelling factor in determining the truth or falsity of the entire story.
Rely on State Witnesses.
It is rather odd, too, that the defense should be relying upon the State's witnesses in this matter quits as much as upon it's own. It will seek to use generously the State's witnesses to the State's embarrassment - through the discrediting of Conley's story - in several different directions.
The defense is seeking to show how utterly absurd Conley's story is from Frank's point of view by setting up these incompatible things.
Time Element Again Enters Case.
That Mary Phagan (Conley's testimony) reached the pencil factory sufficiently well in advance of Monteen Stover (Conley's testimony) to go up to Frank's office, get her say, he lured to a room in the rear and killed, notwithstanding the fact that Miss Stover (Conley's and Miss Stover's testimony) reached the factory at 12:03. And this despite the fact that Mary Phagan could not have been in the factory before 12:12. In any event, as shown by Mrs. Coleman (Mary's mother), George Epps, a motorman and a conductor.
To get around this state of things, set up for the most part by the Sate's own witnesses, the State already has suggested, by a line of examination probably to be amplified that that the car upon which Mary Phagan came into town on Saturday, April 26, was running AHEAD of scheduled time, and that the little girl did, as a matter of fact, reach the factory before 12:12, and that the clock in the factory, by which both Miss Stover and Conley testified as to the time was running SLOW on the day of the crime.
In other words, to meet its own, witnesses' statements, the State will move backward the time of the street car and move forward the time of the office clock!
If the State can do that, which looks like a big job, it will eliminate the dangerous time element in one direction, at least; but if it can not do that, it will find itself in a most trying position.
And whether it now can get away from its own established time element is one of the very prettiest problems involved in the entire case thus far!
Again, the defense will insist that the time element cuts in another direction most favorably in Frank's behalf, when it will show by Conley's evidence that the disposing of Mary Phagan's body began at 12:56, but that Frank was seen at the corner of Alabama and Whitehall streets at 1:10, waiting for a car. The latter fact is testified to by Miss Helen Curran positively, and she is unimpeachable.
Every Second Has Important Bearing.
The defense contends that the body of Mary Phagan could not have been disposed of, and the things done that Conley alleges were done, within the fourteen minutes of time thus allowed, between the beginning of the work, according to Conley, and the time of Frank's presence two blocks and a half away.
Conley would have been obliged to dispose of the body in the remarkable way he says he did, have written the notes, remained in the wardrobe eight minutes or more, all within the fourteen minutes.
According to the State's own witnesses, Conley was in the wardrobe eight minutes and used six minutes framing the notes. This would have consumed the entire fourteen minutes, without the dead girl's body ever having been touched.
It is admitted among lawyers generally that there is no defense so completely effective as sustained alibi - which means that the crime alleged was committed in the absence and without the knowledge of the alleged principle to it, or, more properly state, perhaps, that the crime could not have been committed by the defendant because it would have been a physical impossibility for him to have affected it, in the circumstances of it.
The past week, of course, was the defense's day in court, and it is but fair to say that it made good use of it.
Evidence Really Challenge to State.
It has frankly and aggressively urged Frank's character as a vital fact in his favor, and it thereby challenged the State to do it's very worst by way of breaking that character down, if it can.
This attitude upon the part of the defense undoubtedly has had a steadying effect upon the public, too, for it seems at least to have suspended judgement pending the State's rebuttal.
In addition to its insistence upon Frank's good character, the defense unquestionably has given the State serious concern in the way it has brought forward the time element, and that in two separate and distinct directions.
If it successfully maintains either one of it's time theories, it will have greatly discredited Conley's story. If it successfully maintains both theories, it will have about discredited the Conley story to the point of complete collapse.
As it was out of order to conclude at the end of the second week of the Frank trial, however, that the State had made out a case that could not be broken down, so it now is out of order to conclude that the defense has broken down the State.
The State for one thing does not appear to be particularly alarmed, either by the injection of Frank's character or by the turning of the time element against the Conley story.
The State, it must be remembered, has not yet entered or disclosed it's rebuttal, either of the character evidence or the undermining of its own witnesses as to the time elements stated.
Dorsey Seems All Confidence.
It is perfectly confident of it's ability to show that Frank's character is not good, despite the opinions of his friends, business associates and acquaintances, and it will insist, indeed that as in other depraved characters of the sort it claims Frank to be, his business acquaintances, his relatives and his social intimates would be the very last people of all to discover the truth concerning him.
The State, in seeking to prove Frank a dissolute character, may be forced to the summoning of dissolute characters, with whom he is alleged to have been associated in degrading practices, in order to prove its contention.
Thus witnesses, brought out by the State to establish Frank's depravity are apt to be easier marks for impeachment proceedings than witnesses of the ordinary sort, and to that extent the breaking down of Frank's character is pregnant with difficulty.
Nevertheless, the State proposes to establish the fact of Frank's degeneracy by witnesses of sufficient credibility, particularly in the nature of the charge sought to be proved, to get by at least in sufficient numbers to overwhelm the defendant.
If the State can put up even one or two witnesses that can weather the gale of the defense's rights of impeachment, it will have put Frank in a most unenviable position before the jury. If, therefore, it puts up 50 witnesses, and 48 of them get knocked out, there still will remain the two that stood the test!
Here, then, is another pretty problem to be thrashed out: Can the State, in sustaining a charge of degeneracy against Frank, bright forth witnesses to prove it absolutely, and at the same time not bring forth witnesses so much a party to Frank's offense that they will run serious risks in testifying themselves?
A witness who is willing to swear that he saw Frank do thus and so, or was party to Frank's doing thus and so, if the thus and so is particularly reprehensible, is apt to get in pretty thin ice himself, if he isn't very careful.
The State says it can and will rebut Frank's good character. If it does, Frank is in unutterably bad shape; but if it doesn't, Frank's cause must be helped tremendously.
Frank Really Combats 2 Charges.
It is markedly unique in the annals of judicial procedure in Georgia, as it is contrary to the entire theory of the law, that Leo Frank should be engaged now in combating at one and the same time two of the gravest crimes in the catalogue of crime, when he has been indicted for only one.
As extraordinary as the Frank case is in so many of its ramifications, it is extraordinary in nothing more than in that!
And yet, which is additionally unique, the fact that he is answering two charges simultaneously is largely the fault or the misfortune of his own lawyers!
Judge Roan virtually admitted that had the more sinister charge of Conley been objected to by the defense at the proper time, he would not have admitted it. It was not objected to, however, and it therefore, was left in the record. So, in a way, if not technically. Frank is answering the two charges of his own voluntary motion!
Apparently neither the State nor the defense has hesitated to suggest things calculated to prejudice the minds of the jury whenever either could.
For instance, the examination of Mrs. Rea Frank, the defendant's mother, as to the extent mother, as to the extent of her wealth and many details of her private life, and the suggestion that for some reason or other Mrs. Leo Frank refrained from visiting her husband in jail for two weeks or more after his arrest, seemingly were injected more by way of arousing some vague suspicion in the minds of the jury, rather than by way of proving anything definite.
On the other hand, the defense has not hesitated to suggest, wherever it could, that the entire charge against Frank is a police and detective "frame-up," and that Conley has been used merely as a cat's paw to convict Frank: the presumption being that the big rewards offered for the arrest and conviction of Mary Phagan's murderer may later be distributed among these officials.
This suggesting seems to have been thrown out largely in the hope that the jury would assimilate enough of it to throw discredit over the entire case of the State.
Most Bitterly Fought Case in State.
There never has been in this State a case fought so bitterly and so uncompromisingly as this one of the State vs. Leo Frank.
Besides the life and liberty of Leo Frank, the preservation of his home and family circle, the restoration of his erstwhile good reputation, there are big fees at stake, big reputations to be preserved, big prejudices either to combat or pander to - and there is even some politics involved!
All in all, however, the public seems impressed with the idea that the trial has been as fair and square thus far as human ingenuity can make it, and that neither side has been given any undue advantage over the other in any quarter.
Much of the bitterness that has crept into the trial has been occasioned, of course, by reason of the fame and tremendous significance of the case, it is a battle to an everlasting finish, and both sides are pressing it on that exact theory.
Despite the fact that the case now is entering it's fourth week, with the end not yet in sight, public interest still is at fever heat over it. No topic is talked so exhaustively about the streets, in the cafes and hotel lobbies, and even in the homes, as the now celebrated Phagan case.
Great crowds throng the stuffy little courtroom daily, and the hours have been few when admission could be obtained without extreme difficulty.
It is not thought likely that the arguments will begin before the end of this week, and probably not until next. It is anticipated that it will require not less than three days for the lawyers to finish their discussion of the case before the jury. Nobody looks for verdict within the present week, unless the unforeseen happens.
Speculation as to the outcome of the trial is varied and general. The most widespread impression is that the case likely is headed for a mistrial, although there are many people who believe the jury will make a verdict before dissolving.
Newt Lee Falls Into Lazy Ways in Prison.
Newt Lee should worry. Being a prisoner is not the most undesirable occupation in the world for the old negro. There is no work to do, and now that he is safely beyond suspicion in this Mary Phagan case there is nothing for him to bother over.
Altogether, being in jail all day, alternately sleeping and dawdling from meal to meal, never leaving his cell, seems to suit the factory night watchman. Newt Lee has fallen into lazy ways there in the Tower.
The negro has been assigned to a cell almost directly above that of Frank, on the third floor south. He grumbles a bit at the monotony and scantiness of the prison fare, but there it comes safe and certain twice a day.
No More Fat of the Land for Jim Conley.
Time was when Jim Conley lied on the fat of the land. This was when prisoner in Georgia, the vital witness in the case of the State against Leo M. Frank. None of your prisoner fare for him! They brought his breakfast of thick steaks and chops to his cell. Lawyers were considerate of the negro, and Jim experienced for days, indeed for a little while.
But "sic transit gloria" Jim Conley. The sad fact comes that he is about to be forgotten at the jail. No more are his meals brought to him, and like the other "niggers." Who never even got their names in the paper, he must subsist on prison fare - two meager meals a day.
Jim Conley, in his cell on the first floor north, sulks a little because of the unkind fate that has sent him back to grits and bread and water for breakfast. And he has taken no bath since.
FRANK'S MOTHER DENIES FAMILY IS WEALTHY
WE are not wealthy and Leo has no rich relative in Brooklyn. My husband is broken in health and has retired from business. We have about $20,000 which is loaned out at 6 per cent. We live on that income. Our home, which we own, has a $6,000 mortgage on it. I have a sister, Mrs. Bennet, whose husband clerks for my brother-in-law. I also have one son-in-law who is in the retail cigar business. I don't know much about my other relatives. I have enough to do to keep up with my own affairs. - Testimony of Mrs. Rae Frank, mother of Leo M. Frank, on the witness stand yesterday.
PAGE 11
GIRL EMPLOYEE SHOUTS SHE'D DIE FOR FRANK
Another Tells How Defendant Peered Into Room Where Women Dressed in Factory
LAWYERS FALL TO HALT PRAISE OF THE ACCUSED
Dramatic Incident Comes Witness Heaps Encomiums on
Superintendent on Trial.
More than one hundred witnesses had been called to testify in defense of Leo M. Frank's character when the third week of the factory superintendent's trial concluded shortly after 1 o'clock Saturday.
Character witnesses occupied most of the time during the four hours of Saturday's season. They displayed a remarkable loyalty to their employer, who is being tried on the charge on being the murderer of little Mary Phagan. Only one of the number, Miss Irene Jackson, gave testimony in any way prejudiced to the case of Frank.
The character testimony, the tale of the finding of Mary Phagan's envelope and other so-called clews on the first floor of the factory by W.D. McWorth, Pinkerton operative, and the return of Mrs. Rae Frank, mother of the defendant, formed the important features of the day.
Girl Furnishes Incident.
A spectacular incident, which would have been even more amusing than it proved had it not been for the evident sincerity and profound earnestness of the witness, came in the testimony of Miss Sarah Barnes, one of the pencil factory employees.
"I'd die for Mr. Frank if they'd let me!" she exclaimed almost the instant she had composed herself in the witness chair. Attorney Arnold had only time to ask her the formal question: "Do you not know Leo M. Frank, the defendant in this case?" before she launched into an eulogistic description of the young factory superintendent that left her breathless at the end of five minutes.
The attorney sought to interject another of the formal questions prescribed by law, but by this time she had caught her breath and was engaged in telling her willingness to lay down her life, if need be to prove the guiltlessness of Frank.
Attorney Arnold could not stop her. The court could not dam the flood of words. She had a mind to speak and she was determined to speak without check and without interruption.
"I know Frank couldn't have committed such a terrible deed," she cried, accompanying her declaration with unemphatic brandishing of her folded fan. "I have known him ever since I have been in the pencil factory. He has always been kind to all of the employees and to the girls in particular. He never has done any of these things that have been told about him. He has always been a gentleman."
Willing to Die for Him.
"I've had to fight for him, almost, a number of times since these awful charges have been made against him. I'm willing to fight for him again. I am willing to die in his place."
At this point she turned toward the jury and said.
"You can give me any sort of a death you want. I know he is in innocent man. I just wish that I could make everyone believe in his innocence."
Attorney Arnold succeeded in the brief space of one of the moment's when she paused for a fresh start to ask the remainder of the questions he desired, and then gave her to Solicitor Dorsey.
Dorsey met with the same trouble. He tried to get her to say with whom she had talked about the testimony so which she was to swear. Disregarding his question as though it never had been asked, she continued in her encomiums of Frank until the courtroom spectators were convulsed with laughter and the Solicitor filled with disgust at his inability to get the sort of answer he wanted from the girl.
Miss Irene Jackson, daughter of County Policeman A.W. Jackson, was called by the defense as a character witness, but gave testimony on her cross-examination in regard to conduct by Frank which the State has construed as highly improper.
Looked in Dressing Room.
Miss Jackson said that so far as she knew the character of Frank was good and that she never had known him to attempt any liberties with the factory girls. To the Solicitor she admitted, however, that she three times had been in the girls' dressing room when Frank had pushed open the door and looked in.
Once Emmeline Mayfield had been in the room with her, she said; once Mamie Kitchen and once her own sister. Her sister had threatened to quit on this last occasion, she testified, but had been persuaded against it.
She said that Frank merely pushed the door open, looked in, on one occasion smiled toward Miss Kitchen, and then turned around and walked away. She testified that the girls never were any further in a condition of undress than lacking their overskirt.
Solicitor Dorsey inquired of her in regard to a reported remark of N.V. Darley general manager, that "if the girls stay with us through this, they will not lose by it." She said she had overheard Darley say this.
Many Employees Called.
The following pencil company employees were called as character witnesses during the day.
Miss Mollie Blair, Ethel Stewart, Sarah Barnes, Corinthia Hall, Ida Hayes, Eula May Flowers, Elma Hayes, Minnie Foster, Obie Dickerson, Gussie Wallace, Anni Osman, Bessie Thrallkill, Allie Denham, Rebecca Carson, Maude Wright, Irene Jackson, and Mesdames Emma Freeman and Ella Thomas.
Frank Ordered Flirting Stopped.
Attorney Arnold in his redirect examination of Miss Jackson asked if it were not true that girls had been caught flirting from the dressing room windows, which front on Forsyth street, and that Frank had given orders that this should be stopped. She said that this had occurred.
"Might not Frank have been looking in to see if his orders were being carried out?" asked his attorney but his interrogation was ruled out as leading to a conclusion on the part of the witness.
Miss Obie Dickerson, another of the character witnesses, appeared somewhat perturbed when asked by the Solicitor in regard to her movements on the Saturday night of the murder. She was requested to tell if she was not in the company of N.V. Darley Wade Campbell and Miss Louise Gresham at the Bijou that evening. She replied that she could not remember, and the question later was ruled out as irrelevant and immaterial, on the objections of Attorneys Rosser and Arnold.
The testimony of W.D. McWorth, a Pinkerton operative, provided one of the sensations of the day, and at the same time provoked a lively wrangle among the attorneys over the manner in which the Solicitor persisted in questioning him.
McWorth testified that he found on May-15, on the first floor near a radiator, a piece of pay envelope bearing the name of Mary Phagan, her number, 186, and the amount due her, $1.20. He said that he found at the same time several pieces of cord similar to that found around the neck of the slain girl a club and part of buggy whip. He described splotches near the trapdoor leading into the basement which he thought at the time might be bloodstains.
Neither side brought out what the real value of McWorth's testimony might be. The defense submitted it without asking whether the spots had proved to be blood, and the Solicitor also failed to question him on this point.
Dorsey's main attack was contained in his charge that the Pinkerton operatives had "played double with the city detectives and, while processing to "go down the road with the road" with the city department, in reality branched off, discovered clews very material if they were genuine and kept their discovery a secret from the city detectives in spite of the agreement to work hand in hand.
Dorsey tried to find out from the witness under whose instructions he had withheld this information from the police while pretending to work with them. Rosser objected to work with them. Rosser objected on the ground that Frank should not bee bound by anything a detective did. While the point was being debated with some acrimony, Rosser, shouted, referring to Dorsey:
"The State of Georgia ought to be represented in this case with decency, your honour, and not in the manner in which the Solicitor General is conducting the prosecution."
Dorsey charged that the Pinkertons, when Detective John Black had come to inspect the new evidence, showed him the buggy whip found behind the front door of the factory and did not show him the club which was produced in evidence at the trial. The Solicitor failed in his effort to show that McWorth and his fellow operative L. P. Whitfield, did all this at the direction of Superintendent H. B. Pierce.
Time Element Again.
Interesting testimony, which may prove oof considerable importance in the development of the time element in the case, was given by Knox Thomas, a civil engineer.
From the intersection of Marietta and Forsyth streets to the pencil factory, Thomas testified the distance was 1,016 feet, and that it required him 4 minutes to walk it at a fairly brisk pace. This is the walk which the State contends Mary Phagan made Saturday, April 26, to get to the factory from her car. The car was due at this corner about 12:07. This would have brought her to the factory at about 12:11 . A conduct is found here in the State's own theory, as the Solicitor believes Mary Phagan entered the factory before Monteen Stover, who glanced at the clock and saw that it was 12:05 o'clock.
This obstacle is overcome by accepting as the truth the possibility that the car may have been running about five minutes ahead of time and that the clock at the factory was several minutes slow.
Thomas said that the distance from the pencil factory to Whitehall and Alabama streets, where Miss Helen Curran declared she saw Frank awaiting a car, was 321 feet, and that it required him 3 minutes to walk it.
The distance from Broad and Hunter streets to the pencil factory, the route the defense contends the Phagan girl took to the factory the day she went after her pay, the witness said was 333 feet, and that it took him 1 2-4 minutes to walk it.
Frank's Mother Recalled.
Mrs. Rae Frank, mother of the defendant, who testified briefly at Friday's session of court, was recalled to the stand when the trial resumed Saturday. The defense sought to show that Frank would have been most unlikely to make any remark to Jim Conley about having "wealthy folks in Brooklyn" by proving that, as a matter of fact, his Brooklyn relatives were of only ordinary means.
The witness became somewhat exasperated on cross-examination when the Solicitor insisted on going into every source of income, as well as the financial resources of her husband. She said that she and her husband were living on the interest of $20,000 which was lent to different persons at an average of 6 percent interest. She said that this constituted all of the wealth of her husband and herself, except for the home in which they lived. On this she said there was a $5,000 mortgage.
Lanford Takes Day Off
To Go To Camp Meeting.
Chief of Detectives Newport A. Lanford, under whose guidance the State's evidence was seeded against Leo M. Frank, wants a day's complete respite and will spend Sunday at Sandy Springs, Georgia, where a Methods camp meeting is in progress.
Chief Lanford's activities in the case ended when the trial began, but he has been daily in the courtroom sitting close to Solicitor Dorsey whispering information about the various witnesses. The Chief will return to Allah's Monday morning in time for the opening of Monday's session of the trial.
TELLS OF FINDING CLUB AND ENVELOPE
BEHIND a radiator on the ground floor near the elevator shaft I found a piece of heavy cord, one end of which looked as if it had been freshly cut. There was also a piece of pay envelope folded up. The number 186 was marked on it, and the initials "M. P." I also found a big stick lying nearby, which had stains on it resembling blood. I also found stains resembling blood - six or seven of them - around the cubby hole on the first floor. I was looking for the girl's mesh bag when I found these things.- From testimony of Pinkerton Detective W.D. McWorth.
PAGE 12
LEO FRANK IS READY TO REVEAL HIS STORY
Accused Superintendent to Appeal to Reason of the Men Who Will Decide His Fate
LAWYERS SAY THEY HAVEN'T ADVISED HIM
Defendant Will in No Way Try to Stir Emotion of the Jurors.
Leo M. Frank's statement to the jury, delayed from last week by the swarm of character witnesses brought in at the last moment, is the main factor of interest remaining in the trial of the National Pencil Factory superintendent before the rebuttal is taken up by the two attorneys representing the State.
What this statement will be the defendant's lawyers themselves profess not to know. They have had little or no part in framing it, they say. All they know is that he proposes to make one, and that he has been preparing it piecemeal as the trial has progressed and one point after another has arisen.
Whether it will be a formal statement read verbatim, no one knows except the prisoner and possibly his immediate relatives.
If the lawyers know they are keeping it darkly a secret. They believe, they have ventured to say, that it will be more or less informal and that it will be in the nature of an address to the jury and the court based upon the notes that Frank has made from time to time during the trial.
Appeal To Reason.
That there will be little appeal to the emotions of the jurors is practically a foregone conclusion. It is the purpose of Frank, it is understood, to appeal directly to the reason and common sense of the twelve men - to outline to them as he has outlined to his own attorneys the weak points or improbabilities in the negro Conley's story.
As well as this, it is his intention to picture to them his every movement during the entire day and to represent the physical impossibility of his having committed the crime and disposed of the body as Conley describes if his alibi as set up by a score of witnesses is accepted by the jury.
The statement will embrace much to which he testified at the Coroner's inquest. But there will be much more. He will go into some things on which his own lawyers have not touched. The statement practically is certain to form a most remarkable and most import portion of the record of the trial's proceedings.
What promised to provide a sensation during the presentation of the defendant's case may collapse into nothing. This is W.H. Mincey and has startling declaration that he saw Jim Conley on the afternoon of the murder, and that Jim bragged to him that he had killed a girl that afternoon and didn't want to kill anyone else.
Appear to Doubt Mincey.
The attorneys for the defense have not been willing to say whether or not they would call Mincey. They have appeared to entertain some doubts of Mincey's credibility. Reuben Arnold said Saturday that he was not prepared to say that he would or would not call Mincey.
If Mincey's story could be corroborated it would furnish a most effective weapon in winning the battle for Frank's life. Granting it's truthfulness, it is the most definite and direct evidence of the entire case. Embracing as it does a virtual confession of murder on the part of the negro.
Mincey said he met Conley at Electric avenue and Carter street Saturday afternoon, April 26. Conley was partially intoxicated and becoming angered at Mincey's insistence that he take out an insurance policy threatened the agent and boasted of killing a girl shortly before according to the affidavit made by Mincey.
If Mincey goes on the stand his testimony will become the target for some of the State's strongest rebuttal. That and the character of Frank will divide the attention of the Solicitor. He will not bother about much else. He is content to let Conley's story, as bolstered and strengthened by the testimony of detectives and other witnesses, stand as a sufficient rebuttal for practically all of the evidence that the defense has brought out in favor of Frank. The Solicitor believes that when the arguments go before the jury the members will be willing to accept the story of the negro as against that of Frank.
After Frank's Character.
Dorsey, however, has been unceasing in his efforts to wreck Frank's character. He has branded him as a degenerate and a criminal of the worst type. The introduction of character witnesses by the defense has given him a new opening, and he proposes to take every advantage of it. His attitude is shown in a colloquy between himself and Judge Roan.
"How far do you intend to go in that line of testimony?" inquired the judge.
"Just exactly as far as your honor will let me," Dorsey replied.
Judge Roan remonstrated that the Solicitor General should not seek to introduce evidence that he knew was illegal. The Solicitor smiled.
Dorsey has about twenty witnesses he will use in an effort to destroy all of the favorable impression created by the 100 character witnesses who have testified for Frank so far in the trial. From some of them he has promised to produce testimony of the most sensational sort.
One young, Dewey Hewell, not yet out of her teens, was brought all the way from Cincinnati last Friday for the express purpose of testifying against the young factory superintendent.
She was in the Home of the Good Shepherd to which she was sent from Atlanta.
The defense is expected to close it's case by Monday night or Tuesday noon if the cross-examination of its witnesses is note extended. The rebuttal of the State will not last more than a day and a half, or two days at the most, according to the estimates made by lawyers connected with the case. This will bring the closing arguments some time "Thursday." It is not improbable that the judge's charge will be made before court adjourns Thursday night.
Arguments Are Awaited.
The true strength of the defense and the prosecution will not the developed until the closing arguments. Much of the significance of important bits of evidence has been obscured and passed over lightly as the case progressed. The lawyers have been willing that the jurors as the spectators, did not see the full import of certain pieces of testimony at the time it was given. They have been just as willing that no one understood the particular part it was to play in purpose was to get it clearly and unmistakably on the record.
When the arguments begin, these apparently disconnected and dissociated fragments of evidence will assemble themselves magically. Their significance will dawn forcible on the minds of the jurors under the spell of the eloquence and logic of four shrewd and capable lawyers.
As the Frank trial has surpassed all other criminal cases in the history of Georgia in the amount of testimony that has been transcribed, so will it surpass all others, it is very likely, in point of eloquence and masterly argument.
Both sides are determined. That there will be bitterness and rancor in the arguments is inescapable. If the attitude of the Solicitor has been forecast at all truly in his remarks during the progress of the trial, his address to the jury will be charged with as terrible and denunciatory invective as ever heard in an Atlanta court. If the prisoner at the bar, innocent or guilty, can save himself from cringing or from the least sign of emotion during the argument of the Solicitor General, he will have earned his title of iron man, indeed.
Alibi Built Up.
The two lawyers for the defense. Luther Rosser and Reuben Arnold, have built up an alibi for the accused man which they believe is indestructible. At the same time, from this witness and that one, they have obtained testimony supporting their theory that the crime was done by the negro, Jim Conley, and that the negro's story is a product of his imagination evolved for the sole purpose of saving his own neck.
This theory has been suggested from time to time during the trial, but little attempt has been made to develop it in the minds of the jurors through the medium of the supporting testimony.
The two lawyers will marshal -probably already have marshalled - the evidence in its proper sequence and will then present it to the jury as the most convincing argument that the crime was the dead of the negro and not of Leo Frank.
Frank Follows
Schedule in Jail Life.
Leo Frank is living a sane and rational life as a prisoner in the Tower - a life of scrupulous dumbbell exercises, daily cold baths, chats with many visitors, chess playing and reading.
Always an energetic man, Frank is himself even in jail. Each morning he arises at 6 o'clock and dives for his dumbbells. Following a brief exercise he takes a cold bath, and then relaxes until breakfast is brought him.
Usually his breakfast is sent from his home. Before the time of the trial he ate in his cell. Now, however, coming daily to the courtroom he gets his breakfast in the witness room of the courthouse, and his wife is there to talk with him during the meal.
At 5 o'clock in the evening he has dinner. The meal usually is brought to the jail from a downtown restaurant or hotel, occasionally from his home, and always Frank's friends come to sit with him while he eats. Later they stay on to talk, leaving about 9 o'clock. Then there are papers to read, magazines to look over and an occasional book or two, which keeps Frank up until about 10:30 o'clock, the hour of his retirement each night.
Lawyers In Frank Trial
All Georgia College Men.
Thomas W. Connally, the well-known attorney, has gathered some interesting facts about principal lawyers in the Frank case.
All of the lawyers, Mr. Connally finds, are college men. Luther Z. Rosser and Hugh M. Dorsey are charter members of the University Club, of which Mr. Connally is secretary.
Mr. Rosser is a graduate of Emory in the class of 1878. In spite of the fact that hew as nearly blind during part of his college course caused by an attack of measles, he was able by listening to his roommates study aloud to master the work so thoroughly that he took an honor in his class. For years he was an alumni trustee of Emory.
Hugh Dorsey is a graduate of the University of Georgia in the class of 1893, and afterward studied law at the University of Virginia.
Reuben Arnold was at the University of Georgia in the class of 1888.
Frank A. Hooper was a student at the Southwest Georgia Agricultural College before he entered Mercer, where he graduated with the A. B. degree in 1885. In 1888 his alma mater conferred an honorary A. M. degree.
E. A. Stephens, assistant to Solicitor Dorsey, is an Emory man of the class of 1891.
Mr. Rosser and Mr. Stephens are members of the Chi Phi Fraternity. Mr. Arnold and Mr. Hooper are Phi Delta Thetas. Mr. Dorsey is a Kappa Alpha.
Luther Z. Rosser, Jr. and L. S. Hopkins, Jr., from Rosser's office, have assisted him. Young Rosser is a Tech man, an Emory man and graduated from the law department of Mercer in 1909. Mr. Hopkins is an A. B. graduate of Emory, 1901, graduate of the law department of the University of Georgia in 1904, and L. B. from Yale University in 1905. Mr. Rosser is a Chi Phi and Mr. Hopkins is a member of Phi Delta Theta and the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity.
Luther Z. Rosser, Jr., and Hugh Dorsey are brothers-in-law and C. B. Shelton, Rosser's brother-in-law, is a law partner of Dorsey's two brothers, Cam and E. Roy Dorsey.
Jurors' Wives Find
Solace in Union.
None of your clinging wives are the eleven women who, the wives of jury members, are made widows for the while by the trial of Leo Frank. They are not women to stay at home and weep in weeds. With their "Club for Temporary Widows" they are making the beat of a bad situation, and even finding some real fun.
Mrs. W. M. Jeffries, one of the wives made widows because her husband must serve on the jury, wandered about disconsolately the first two or three days. Then she became nervous and from nervousness she drifted into a spell of the blues.
Blues is the mother of invention, as all the world knows. With the tears not far from eyelashes one afternoon she was seized with an idea that sent the tears back and that made her hurry to the telephone. One by one she located them, the other wives who were widows, and unfolded her plans for an organization.
"And then we should worry," she told each one.
The idea found favor with them all. Eleven woman who didn't know each other before were drawn together, and now they can be seen sallying forth, consoled by their own numbers, and even gay, to the courthouse of an afternoon.
Time was when the trial started that their greetings were waved to their husbands with handkerchiefs wet with tears. But now the signal is gay. The widows have found in their common grief something to laugh at.
And the jurymen themselves don't worry about the folks at home so much now. They smile, too, when they leave the courtroom and catch the cheery greetings. All except C.J. Bosshardt, the lone unmarried member. There is no one to greet him, but they do say -
TIME A BIG FACTOR IN FRANK TRIAL
The time element plays the most important part in the trial of Frank. The State has built up an elaborate case to show that Frank had the opportunity to kill Mary Phagan. The defense, on the other hand, is building up just as elaborate a case to show that Frank could not have had the time to do the things charged against him. The principal time elements brought out so far follows:
THE STATE'S TIME-TABLE
8:30 - Conley and Frank met at the factory.
9:00 - Conley left to see his mother at the Capital City Laundry. Frank admonishing him to return in 40 minutes and meet him at Montag Bros., Nelson, and Forsyth streets.
9:30 Miss Mattie Smith left.
10:30 Conley met Frank at Nelson and Forsyth streets. Frank told the negro to wait a few minutes while he went into Montag Bros.
10:50 Frank came out and went back to the factory with Conley.
10:55 Frank stationed Conley on the first floor. Frank said there would be a girl there soon, and he wanted Conley to lock the door when he stamped and unlock it when he whistled.
11:30 N. V. Darley left.
11:45 Holloway left.
11:50 Lemmie Quinn entered the factory.
11:55 Lemmie Quinn left.
12:05 Mary Phagan entered. The State contends that although the car schedule would have brought her to Forsyth and Marietta streets at 12:07, it might have been five or six minutes ahead of time, giving Mary ample time to get to the factory by about 12:05. The State also has to discard the testimony of George Epps, who swore that he rode with Mary to town and got off the car with her 12:07 o'clock.
12:08 to 12:10 Monteen Stover entered the factory; was seen by Conley; went to Frank's office and found him absent.
12:13 to 12:15 Monteen Stover left.
12:20 Frank returned to his office, leaving the body in the metal room.
12:25 Conley dropped asleep.
12:30 Frank was startled by the arrival of Mrs. Arthur White
12:50 Frank went to the fourth floor and told Mrs. White, her husband and Harry Denham that they would have to be locked in the building if they did not leave, as he was going to lunch.
12:52 Mrs. White left.
12:54 Conley was awakened by Frank stamping on the floor. He locked the door and a minute later unlocked it when he heard Frank whistling. Conley was directed to go to the metal room to get a girl whom Frank "had struck too hard."
12:56 Conley and Frank carried the body of the girl downstairs.
1:03 They completed their task and returned to Franks' office. Conley hid in a closet five minutes while two women were in Frank's office.
1:15 Conley left the factory.
1:18 Frank left the factory.
1:20 Frank caught his car.
1:30 Frank arrived home, but hastily returned to town.
THE DFENSE'S TIME-TABLE
8:25 A. M. Frank arrived at factory. Met Holloway, day watchman, and Alonzo Mann, office boy.
8:50 A. M. Employees began coming for pay envelopes. Mattie Smith among them. N. V. Darley arrived.
9:40 A. M. Miss Smith and Darley left.
10:00 A. M. Frank went to Montag bros., Nelson and Forsyth streets.
11:00 A. M. Returned alone to pencil factory.
11:45 A. M. Miss Corinthia Hall and Mrs. Emma Freeman left factory after entering to get Mrs. Freeman's coat.
12:02 P. M. Miss Hattie Hall, the stenographer, left.
12:05 P. M. Miss Monteen Stover entered.
12:10 P. M. Miss Monteen Stover left.
12:12 P. M. Mary Phagan received pay envelope from Frank. Frank testified at coroner's inquest that she left his office in two or three minutes and that he thought he heard her talking with another girl and then heard their footsteps dying away.
12:20 P. M. Lemmie Quinn visited Frank's office.
12:22 P. M. Holloway left.
12:30 P. M. Mrs. Arthur White entered Frank's office and then went to the fourth floor to see her husband.
12:50 P. M. Frank went to the fourth floor and saw Mr. and Mrs. White and Harry Denham. HH eyed about two minutes.
1:05 P. M. Frank left for his luncheon. He walked up Forsyth street to Alabama and down Alabama to Whitehall.
1:10 P. M. Miss Helen Curran saw Frank waiting at Alabama and Whitehall streets for his car. It is the contention of the defense that Frank could not have been there at this time if Conley's story is true.
1:20 P. M. Mrs. A. P. Levy saw Frank enter the home of Emil Selig, with whom he lived at 68 East Georgia avenue. Frank sat down and ate with his father-in-law. The servant, Minola McKnight, saw him when he arrived home.
1:50 P. M. Left home for factory. Saw Mrs. M. J. McMichael, his wife's aunt, Jerome McMichael, Julian Loeb and others.
2:00 P. M. Caught car at Glenn and Washington streets. Met J. G. Leob on car.
2:10 P. M. Car was blocked at Hunter street by Memorial day crowds. Frank was seen by H. J. Hinchey who was riding by in his automobile. Frank left the car and walked on Hunter street to Whitehall.
2:20 P. M. Watched parade. Met Miss Rebecca Carson in front of Rich's store.
2:40 P. M. Was seen by Miss Carson to go in Jacobs' Pharmacy, Whitehall and Alabama streets.
3:00 P. M. Arrived at the pencil factory. Went to fourth floor to see Denham and White.
3:08 P. M. Denham and White left.
12:08 to 12:10 Monteen Stover entered the factory; was seen by Conley; went to Frank's office and found him absent.
12:13 to 12:15 Monteen Stover left.
12:20 Frank returned to his office, leaving the body in the metal room.
12:25 Conley dropped asleep.
12:30 Frank was startled by the arrival of Mrs. Arthur White
12:50 Frank went to the fourth floor and told Mrs. White, her husband and Harry Denham that they would have to be locked in the building if they did not leave, as he was going to lunch.
12:52 Mrs. White left.
12:54 Conley was awakened by Frank stamping on the floor. He locked the door and a minute later unlocked it when he heard Frank whistling. Conley was directed to go to the metal room to get a girl whom Frank "had struck too hard."
12:56 Conley and Frank carried the body of the girl downstairs.
1:03 They completed their task and returned to Franks' office. Conley hid in a closet five minutes while two women were in Frank's office.
1:15 Conley left the factory.
1:18 Frank left the factory.
1:20 Frank caught his car.
1:30 Frank arrived home, but hastily returned to town.
Could You Qualify as Juror in Case Hinging on Circumstantial Evidence?
By O. B. KEELER
Putting it somewhat abruptly
Would you hang a man on circumstantial evidence?
This is with some small reference to the Frank trial. Nearly everything has a Frank trial trend these days. And the trial itself is working around to where that problem is beginning to press on the twelve good men and true.
Also it is pestering the courtroom regulars.
It always does at a big murder trial. Probably more friendships have ceased over the question of hanging on circumstantial evidence than over the proposition that all men are born free and equal, or the world's series or the age of Ann.
You Either Would or Wouldn't.
Probably you have a pretty well fixed idea as to the ultimate value of circumstantial evidence.
Either you would hang a man on it or you wouldn't.
If you wouldn't, you couldn't have got on the Frank jury. Not honestly.
Because there is no direct evidence in the case.
In the first place it would be pretty tough if everybody in the world shared the conviction that no man should be convicted on circumstantial evidence.
If that were the case the potential murderer could use a little intelligence and a bit of care in arranging the stage setting for his crime and get by with it comfortably enough. He would just provide that nobody should see him when he let his victim have it under the fifth rib, or swung the well known blunt instrument, or pulled the trigger of the equally celebrated smoking revolver.
Then the fact that the knife had been in his possession for years, or he had been seen extracting the club from a lumber pile, or purchasing the revolver from a pawnbroker, would be valueless in default of some open-faced person who would take his stand upon the witness chair and assert dramatically:
"I seen him when he done it!"
Moreover, what are you going to do with that most monstrous of all murderers, the prisoner? It is the rarest thing in the world for a witness to be present when he offers his victim the fatal capsule and remarks:
"This is a little slut of strychnine."
If he didn't say what it was, there wouldn't be any direct evidence that it wasn't quinine, you see.
So it does look as if some people in this world are well justified in their belief that there can be circumstantial evidence strong enough to hang a man.
Value of Direct Evidence.
It looks like a good thing, if only to bear the murder market.
Now, let's look over the value of direct evidence. And there's an odd thing about it's actual face value, too.
Just at first sight it seems nothing could be clearer and more convincing. Here's a man, right on the spot. He sees all that occurs. All he has to do is to tell about it. In words of one syllable, if he likes it just a round, unvarnished tale.
The trouble is, there frequently is another man who was right on the spot, and also saw all that occurred.
When it comes to telling about it, those two men, like or not, will each tell an honest and straightforward story.
But the stories may not agree.
Both May be Honest, Too.
And both witnesses may be perfectly honest.
There was a professor of psychology or something, and he got all worked up over amazing proposition that several intelligent persons could see a tragedy enacted and tell several and radically different stories of how it happened.
So he framed up a little game on his class of 40 students, or 60 students, or whatever number it was all bright young college men, well above the average direct witness who just happened to be there when it happened.
The class was hearing him lecture one day, and, presumably, thinking of nothing else in the world, when one door of the room burst open and a pop-eyed man rushed in, followed closely by two others. The first man ran halfway across the room, wheeled and shouted:
"Stand back!"
His nearest pursuer leveled a paper cap pistol at him and replied:
"I'll settle you right now!"
The companion waved his arms and yelled:
"Down with the traitor!"
Then the first man ducked, ran for the door and disappeared, with the others after him.
Just Like a Regular Tragedy.
It was all unexpected, just like any regular tragedy. And it was all very sudden. It only took about ten seconds for the whole performance.
The class was surprised. That was rather natural. But the professor calmed the students and told them what it was all about. He wanted to see how accurate their powers of observation were under actual test. Had the young gentlemen seen and heard all that passed?
The young gentlemen had.
Then would the young gentlemen kindly write out each a full account of the proceeding, with the same care that would be used in testifying to the happening in a case that involved life and death?
The young gentlemen would.
And you can take it from the professor there was something to ponder in the "testimony."
A few samples will explain it.
How They Told of It.
One young gentleman testified that the foremost pursuer held a shotgun and cried, "Sic semper tyrannis!" Another was positive the weapon was a long dagger, and that the wielder said something about revenge for the invasion of his home, while his companion shouted, "Let me get at him!"
One eyewitness was sure the pursued man had dropped on his knees and lifted his hands in supplication: also that he had red whiskers: while another said he was clean shaven and held a revolver.
And that is a fair sample of the contradictory "evidence" given by eyewitnesses in the last case.
Not one single student gave an absolutely correct account of the affair, which had been worked out and rehearsed carefully by the actors.
Believe Half You See.
And in a great many cases of direct evidence it is a pretty good plan to believe only half what you see.
And by arguing around in a circle it would seem that there is a good deal to be said in favor of circumstantial evidence if only because it is sought intelligently and considered in cold blood, in place of the usual goggle-eyed mental condition of the witness suddenly confronted with a raw and ugly situation, entirely at variance with anything else he ever had encountered before.
And now could you qualify as juror in a circumstantial evidence case?
- Monday, 28th April 1913 10,000 Throng Morgue to See Body of Victim [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 12-Year-Old Girl Sobs Her Love for Slain Child [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 9th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 3 Youths Seen Leading Along a Reeling Girl [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Arrested as Girl’s Slayer [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 31st, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Body Dragged by Deadly Cord After Terrific Fight [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Chief and Sleuths Trace Steps in Slaying of Girl [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 7th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 City Chemist Tests Stains For Blood [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 6th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Gantt Was Infatuated With Girl; at Factory Saturday [Last Updated On: September 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 5th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Girl and His Landlady Defend Mullinax [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 4th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Girl to Be Buried in Marietta To-morrow [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 3rd, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Girl’s Grandfather Vows Vengeance [Last Updated On: September 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 2nd, 2023]
- Monday, the 28th Day of April-1913, Horrible Mistake, Pleads Arthur Mullinax, Denying Crime, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 1st, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 “I Could Trust Mary Anywhere,” Her Weeping Mother Says [Last Updated On: November 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 11th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Incoherent Notes Add to Mystery in Strangling Case [Last Updated On: November 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 8th, 2023]
- Monday, the 28th Day of April-1913, Lifelong Friend Saw Girl and Man After Midnight, Hearst's Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 30th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Look for Negro to Break Down [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 29th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Mullinax Blundered in Statement, Say Police [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 28th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Negro is Not Guilty, Says Factory Head [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 27th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Neighbors of Slain Girl Cry for Vengeance [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 26th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Pinkertons Take Up Hunt for Slayer [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 25th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Playful Girl With Not a Bad Thought [Last Updated On: September 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Police Question Factory Superintendent [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 24th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Slain Girl Modest and Quiet, He Says [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 23rd, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Soda Clerk Sought in Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 22nd, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Story of the Killing as the Meager Facts Reveal It [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 21st, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Suspect Gantt Tells His Own Story [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 20th, 2023]
- Monday, 28th April 1913 Where and With Whom Was Mary Phagan Before End? [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 19th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Bartender Confirms Gantts Statement [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 16th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Charge is Basest of Lies, Declares Gantt [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 15th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Factory Employee May Be Taken Any Moment [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 14th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Factory Head Frank and Watchman Newt Lee are Sweated by Police [Last Updated On: September 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 13th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Former Playmates Meet Girl’s Body at Marietta [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Guilt Will Be Fixed Detectives Declare [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 11th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 I Feel as Though I Could Die, Sobs Mary Phagans Grief-Stricken Sister [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 17th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Is the Guilty Man Among Those Held? [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 10th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Keeper of Rooming House Enters Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 9th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Loyalty Sends Girl to Defend Mullinax [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 15th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Negro Watchman is Accused by Slain Girl’s Stepfather [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 14th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Nude Dancers Pictures Upon Factory Walls [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 13th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Pastor Prays for Justice at Girls Funeral [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 12th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Seek Clew in Queer Words in Odd Notes [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 11th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th April 1913 Slayers Hand Print Left On Arm Of Girl [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 10th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Boy Sweetheart Says Girl Was to Meet Him Saturday [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 20th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 City Offers $1,000 as Phagan Case Reward [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Clock Misses Add Mystery to Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 31st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Confirms Lee’s Story of Shirt [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 1st, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Girl’s Death Laid to Factory Evils [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 4th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Great Crowd at Phagan Inquest [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 3rd, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Handwriting of Notes is Identified as Newt Lees [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 21st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Leo Frank’s Friends Denounce Detention [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Looks Like Frank is Trying to Put Crime on Me, Says Lee [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 24th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Machinist Tells of Hair Found in Factory Lathe [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 22nd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Mother Prays That Son May Be Released [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 29th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Net Closing About Lee, Says Lanford [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 23rd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Newt Lee on Stand at Inquest Tells His Side of Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 7th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Newt Lees Testimony as He Gave It at the Inquest [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 6th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Policeman Says Body Was Dragged From Elevator [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 5th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Reward of $1,000 Urged by Mayor [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 18th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Sergeant Brown Tells His Story of Finding of Body [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 28th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Sisters New Story Likely to Clear Gantt as Suspect [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 16th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Tells Jury He Saw Girl and Mullinax Together [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 25th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Tells of Watchman Lee Explaining the Notes [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 27th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Went Down Scuttle Hole on Ladder to Reach Body [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 2nd, 2023]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Witness Saw Slain Girl and Man at Factory Door [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th April 1913 Writing Test Points to Negro [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 17th, 2022]
- Thursday, 1st May 1913 State Enters Phagan Case; Frank and Lee are Taken to Tower [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 9th, 2022]
- Thursday, 1st May 1913 Terminal Official Certain He Saw Girl [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 8th, 2022]
- Friday, 2nd May 1913 Dorsey Puts Own Sleuths Onto Phagan Slaying Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 7th, 2022]
- Friday, 2nd May 1913 Police Still Puzzled by Mystery of Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 6th, 2022]
- Saturday, 3rd May 1913 Analysis of Blood Stains May Solve Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 5th, 2022]
- Sunday, 4th May 1913 Dr. John E. White Writes on the Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 1st, 2022]
- Sunday, 4th May 1913 Gov. Brown on the Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 4th, 2022]
- Sunday, 4th May 1913 Grand Jury to Take Up Phagan Case To-morrow [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 3rd, 2022]
- Sunday, 4th May 1913 Old Police Reporter Analyzes Mystery Phagan Case Solution Far Off, He Says [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 2nd, 2022]
- Sunday, 4th May 1913 Slayer of Mary Phagan May Still be at Large [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 30th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Coroners Jury Likely to Hold Both Prisoners [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 24th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Crowds at Phagan Inquest [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Frank on Witness Stand [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 26th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Judge Charges Grand Jury to Go Deeply Into Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Judge W. D. Ellis Charges Grand Jury to Probe into Phagan Slaying Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 27th, 2022]
- Monday, 5th May 1913 Phagan Girl’s Body Exhumed [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 25th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 Bowen Still Held by Houston Police in the Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 22nd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 Brother Declares Bowen Left Georgia in August [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 21st, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 Frank’s Testimony Fails to Lift Veil of Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 18th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 How Frank Spent Day of Tragedy [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 20th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 Newest Clews in Phagan Case Not Yet Public [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 23rd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 6th May 1913 Phagan Case and the Solicitor Generals Power Under Law—Dorsey Hasnt Encroached on Coroner [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 19th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 7th May 1913 Employe of Lunch Stand Near Pencil Factory is Trailed to Alabama [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 16th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 7th May 1913 Lee is Quizzed by Dorsey for New Evidence [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 7th May 1913 Phagan Girls Body Again Exhumed for Finger-Print Clews [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 14th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 7th May 1913 Solicitor Dorsey Orders Body Exhumed in the Hope of Getting New Evidence [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 17th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Another Clew in Phagan Case is Worthless [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 5th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Black Testifies Quinn Denied Visiting Factory [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 31st, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Boots Rogers Tells How Body Was Found [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 10th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Didnt See Girl Late Saturday, He Admits [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 11th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Frank Answers Questions Nervously When Recalled [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 3rd, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Frank of Nervous Nature; Says Superintendent Aide [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 1st, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Girl Employe on Fourth Floor of Factory Saturday [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 6th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Grand Jury to Sift the Evidence in the Phagan Case Within the Next Few Days [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 9th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Inquest Scene is Dramatic in its Tenseness [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 13th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Lee Repeats His Private Conversation With Frank [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 30th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Leo Frank is Again Quizzed by Coroner [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 4th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Pinkerton Detective Tells of Call From Factory Head [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 2nd, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Police Still Withhold Evidence; Frank To Be Examined on New Lines [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 12th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Quinn, Foreman Over Slain Girl, Tells of Seeing Frank [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2022]
- Thursday, 8th May 1913 Stenographer in Factory Office on Witness Stand [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: November 7th, 2022]
- Friday, 9th May 1913 Best Detective in America Now is on Case, Says Dorsey [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 29th, 2022]
- Saturday, 10th May 1913 Guard of Secrecy is Thrown About Phagan Search by Solicitor [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 28th, 2022]
- Sunday, 11th May 1913 Caught Frank With Girl in Park, He Says [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 25th, 2022]
- Sunday, 11th May 1913 Frank is Awaiting Action of the Grand Jury Calmly [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2022]
- Sunday, 11th May 1913 Mary Phagans Death Only Assured Fact Developed [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 26th, 2022]
- Sunday, 11th May 1913 Weak Evidence Against Men in Phagan Slaying [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2022]
- Monday, 12th May 1913 Burns Called into Phagan Mystery; On Way From Europe [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 23rd, 2022]
- Monday, 12th May 1913 Phagan Case is Delayed [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 22nd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 13th May 1913 Frank’s Life in Tower [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 20th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 13th May 1913 Mother Thinks Police Are Doing Their Best [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 19th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 13th May 1913 New Theory is Offered in Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 21st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 14th May 1913 Friends Say Franks Actions Point to Innocence [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 14th May 1913 Secret Hunt by Burns in Mystery is Likely [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 18th, 2022]
- Thursday, 15th May 1913 Burns Investigator Will Probe Slaying [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 16th, 2022]
- Friday, 16th May 1913 $1,000 Offered Burns to Take Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 13th, 2022]
- Friday, 16th May 1913 Burns Hunt for Phagan Slayer Begun [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 15th, 2022]
- Friday, 16th May 1913 Secret Probe Began by Burns Agent into the Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 14th, 2022]
- Saturday, 17th May 1913 New Phagan Witnesses Have Been Found [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 18th May 1913 Burns, Called in as Last Resort, Faces Cold Trail in Baffling Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 11th, 2022]
- Sunday, 18th May 1913 Burns Sleuth Makes Report in Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 10th, 2022]
- Sunday, 18th May 1913 Greeks Add to Fund to Solve Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 9th, 2022]
- Monday, 19th May 1913 Burns Agent Outlines Phagan Theory [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 19th May 1913 Burns Eager to Solve Phagan Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 8th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 20th May 1913 Cases Ready Against Lee and Leo Frank [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 6th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 21st May 1913 T. B. Felder Repudiates Report of Activity for Frank [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 5th, 2022]
- Thursday, 22nd May 1913 Grand Jury Wont Hear Leo Frank or Lee [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 4th, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Dictograph Record Used Against Felder [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 28th, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Felder Denies Phagan Bribe; Calls Colyar Crook and Liar [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 30th, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Felder Denies Phagan Bribery; Dictograph Record Used Against Felder [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 2nd, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Frank Feeling Fine But Will Not Discuss His Case [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 1st, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Here is Affidavit Charging Bribery [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 29th, 2022]
- Friday, 23rd May 1913 Indictment of Both Lee and Frank is Asked [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: October 3rd, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Beavers Says He Will Seek Indictments [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 16th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Blease Ironic in Comments on Felder Trap [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 17th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Colyar Called Convict and Insane [Last Updated On: September 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 20th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Colyar Held for Forgery [Last Updated On: September 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 26th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Dictograph Catches Mayor in Net [Last Updated On: September 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 27th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Dictograph Record Alleged Bribe Offer [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: December 2nd, 2020]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Felder Charges Police Plot to Shield Slayer [Last Updated On: September 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 21st, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Felders Fight is to Get Chief and Lanford Out of Office [Last Updated On: September 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 15th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Frame-Up Aimed at Burns Men, Says Tobie [Last Updated On: September 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 18th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Jones Attacks Beavers and Charges Police Crookedness [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 25th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Mayor Admits Dictograph is Correct [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 24th, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Miles Says He Had Mayor Go to Room [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 22nd, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Plot on Life of Beavers Told by Colyar [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 23rd, 2022]
- Saturday, 24th May 1913 Strangulation Charge is in Indictments [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 19th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Attorney, in Long Statement, Claims Dictograph Records Against Him Padded [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 13th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Colyar Arrest Proper End to Plot of Crook [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 10th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Colyar, Held as Forger, is Freed on Bond; Long Crime Record Charged [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Dorsey to Present Graft Charges if They Stand Up [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 9th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Ill Indict Gang, Says Beavers [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 14th, 2022]
- Sunday, 25th May 1913 Long Criminal Record of Colyar is Cited [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 11th, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Accuses Tobie of Kidnaping Attempt [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 3rd, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Evidence Against Frank Conclusive, Say Police [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 5th, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Lay Bribery Effort to Franks Friends [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Mason Blocks Attempt to Oust Chief [Last Updated On: September 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 1st, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Mayor Eager to Bring Back Tenderloin, Declares Chief [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 6th, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Mayor Gives Out Sizzling Reply to Chief Beavers [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 4th, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Pinkerton Man Says Frank is Guilty [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 2nd, 2022]
- Monday, 26th May 1913 Will Take Charge of Graft to Grand Jury for Vindication [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 27th May 1913 Burns Man Quits Case; Declares He Is Opposed [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 30th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 27th May 1913 Felder Aide Offers Vice List to Chief [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 29th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 27th May 1913 State Faces Big Task in Trial of Frank as Slayer [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 28th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 27th May 1913 Suspicion Turned to Conley; Accused by Factory Foreman [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 31st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 28th May 1913 Chief Beavers to Renew His Vice War [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 24th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 28th May 1913 Conley Says Frank Took Him to Plant on Day of Slaying [Last Updated On: September 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 27th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 28th May 1913 Conley Was in Factory on Day of Slaying [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 28th May 1913 Woman Writes in Defense of Leo M. Frank [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 25th, 2022]
- Thursday, 29th May 1913 Burns Joins in Hunt for Phagan Slayer [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 23rd, 2022]
- Thursday, 29th May 1913 Conley Re-enacts in Plant Part He Says He Took in Slaying [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 21st, 2022]
- Thursday, 29th May 1913 Felder Bribery Charge Expected [Last Updated On: September 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 22nd, 2022]
- Thursday, 29th May 1913 Negro Conleys Affidavit Lays Bare Slaying [Last Updated On: September 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 20th, 2022]
- Thursday, 29th May 1913 Ready to Indict Conley as an Accomplice [Last Updated On: September 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 19th, 2022]
- Friday, 30th May 1913 Negro Conley Now Says He Helped to Carry Away Body [Last Updated On: September 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 18th, 2022]
- Saturday, 31st May 1913 Conley Star Actor in Dramatic Third Degree [Last Updated On: September 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 15th, 2022]
- Saturday, 31st May 1913 Plan to Confront Conley and Frank for New Admission [Last Updated On: September 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 16th, 2022]
- Saturday, 31st May 1913 Silence of Conley Put to End by Georgian [Last Updated On: September 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 17th, 2022]
- Saturday, 31st May 1913 Special Session of Grand Jury Called [Last Updated On: September 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 14th, 2022]
- Sunday, 1st June 1913 Confession of Conley Makes No Changes in States Case [Last Updated On: September 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2022]
- Sunday, 1st June 1913 Conley is Unwittingly Friend of Frank, Says Old Police Reporter [Last Updated On: September 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 13th, 2022]
- Sunday, 1st June 1913 Conleys Story Cinches Case Against Frank, Says Lanford [Last Updated On: September 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 11th, 2022]
- Sunday, 1st June 1913 Dorseys Grill Fails to Make Conley Admit Hand in Killing [Last Updated On: September 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 1st June 1913 Today is Mary Phagans Birthday; Mother Tells of Party She Planned [Last Updated On: September 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 10th, 2022]
- Monday, 2nd June 1913 5 to Testify Frank Was at Home at Hour Negro Says He Aided [Last Updated On: September 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 8th, 2022]
- Monday, 2nd June 1913 Beavers to Talk Over the Felder Row With Dorsey [Last Updated On: September 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 2nd June 1913 Negro Cook at Home Where Frank Lived Held by the Police [Last Updated On: September 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 6th, 2022]
- Tuesday, the 3rd of June, 1913, Bitter Fight Certain in Trial of Leo Frank [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 4th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 3rd June 1913 Felder Says He Will Lay Bare Startling Police Graft Plans [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 5th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 4th June 1913 Cooks Sensational Affidavit [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 3rd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 4th June 1913 Fain Named in Vice Quiz as Resort Visitor [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 2nd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 4th June 1913 Franks Cook Was Counted Upon as Defense Witness [Last Updated On: October 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 1st, 2022]
- Thursday, 5th June 1913 Challenges Felder to Prove His Charge [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 31st, 2022]
- Thursday, 5th June 1913 Cook Repudiates Entire Affidavit Police Possess [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 27th, 2022]
- Thursday, 5th June 1913 I Know My Husband is Innocent, Asserts Wife of Leo M. Frank [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 29th, 2022]
- Thursday, 5th June 1913 Mother Here to Aid Frank in Trial [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 30th, 2022]
- Thursday, 5th June 1913 New Conley Confession Reported to Jury [Last Updated On: October 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 28th, 2022]
- Friday, 6th June 1913 Chief Says Law Balks His War on Vice [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 26th, 2022]
- Friday, 6th June 1913 Report Negro Found Who Saw Phagan Attack [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 25th, 2022]
- Saturday, 7th June 1913 Defense Bends Efforts to Prove Conley Slayer [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 22nd, 2022]
- Saturday, 7th June 1913 Defense Digs Deep to Show Conley is Phagan Girl Slayer [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 24th, 2022]
- Saturday, 7th June 1913 Mrs. Frank Attacks Solicitor H. M. Dorsey in a New Statement [Last Updated On: October 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 23rd, 2022]
- Sunday, 8th June 1913 Fair Play Alone Can Find Truth in Phagan Puzzle, Declares Old Reporter [Last Updated On: October 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 21st, 2022]
- Monday, 9th June 1913 Foreman Tells Why He Holds Conley Guilty [Last Updated On: October 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 20th, 2022]
- Monday, 9th June 1913 Rosser Asks Grand Jury Grill for Conley [Last Updated On: October 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 17th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 10th June 1913 Eyewitness to Phagan Slaying Sought [Last Updated On: October 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 19th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 10th June 1913 Indictment of Felder and Fain Asked [Last Updated On: October 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 18th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 11th June 1913 Asks Beavers to Investigate Affidavit [Last Updated On: October 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 14th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 11th June 1913 Felder Returns Phagan Fund to Givers [Last Updated On: October 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 16th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 11th June 1913 Plot Exposed, Says Felder, But Lanford Doubts Affidavit [Last Updated On: October 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 13th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 11th June 1913 Police Hold Conley By Courts Order [Last Updated On: October 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 15th, 2022]
- Thursday, 12th June 1913 Face Conley and Frank, Lanford Urges [Last Updated On: October 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 12th, 2022]
- Friday, 13th June 1913 Judge Roan to Decide Conleys Jail Fate [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 9th, 2022]
- Friday, 13th June 1913 Negro Freed But Jailed Again On Suspicion [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 11th, 2022]
- Saturday, 14th June 1913 Sheriff Mangum Near End, Says Lawyer Smith [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 10th, 2022]
- Saturday, 14th June 1913 State Takes Advantage of Points Known [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Monday, 16th June 1913 Colyar Returns Promising Sensation [Last Updated On: October 10th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 5th, 2022]
- Monday, 16th June 1913 Dorsey Aide Says Frank Is Fast In Net [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 6th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 17th June 1913 Sensations in Phagan Case at Hand [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 4th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 18th June 1913 Rush Plans for Trial of Leo Frank [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 7th, 2022]
- Thursday, 19th June 1913 Blow Aimed at Formby Story [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 3rd, 2022]
- Friday, 20th June 1913 Frank Trial Will Not Be Long One [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 2nd, 2022]
- Saturday, 21st June 1913 Justice Aim in Phagan Case, Says Hooper [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: July 1st, 2022]
- Sunday, 22nd June 1913 Arnold to Aid Frank [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 30th, 2022]
- Sunday, 22nd June 1913 Jurors, Not Newspapers, To Return Frank Verdict, Declares Old Reporter [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 29th, 2022]
- Monday, 23rd June 1913 State Ready for Frank Trial on June 30 [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 28th, 2022]
- Monday, 23rd June 1913 Venire of 72 for Frank Jury Is Drawn [Last Updated On: October 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 27th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 24th June 1913 Both Sides Called in Conference by Judge; Trial Set for July 28 [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 25th June 1913 Conley, Put on Grill, Sticks Story [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 25th, 2022]
- Thursday, 26th June 1913 Stover Girl Will Star in Frank Trial [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 24th, 2022]
- Friday, 27th June 1913 Lanford and Felder Are Held for Libel [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 23rd, 2022]
- Friday, 27th June 1913 New Frank Evidence Held by Dorsey [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 22nd, 2022]
- Saturday, 28th June 1913 Gov. Slaton Takes Oath Simply [Last Updated On: October 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 20th, 2022]
- Saturday, 28th June 1913 State Secures New Phagan Evidence [Last Updated On: October 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 21st, 2022]
- Sunday, 29th June 1913 Brilliant Legal Battle Is Sure as Hooper And Arnold Clash in Trial of Leo Frank [Last Updated On: October 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 18th, 2022]
- Sunday, 29th June 1913 Many Experts to Take Stand in Frank Trial [Last Updated On: October 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 19th, 2022]
- Monday, 30th June 1913 Conley Tale Is Hope of Defense [Last Updated On: October 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 17th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 Colyar Indicted as Libeler of Col. Felder [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 13th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 Colyar Not Indicted On Charge of Libel [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 15th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 Frank Is Willing for State to Grill Him [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 12th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 May Indict Conley as Slayer [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 16th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 May Indict Conley in Phagan Case [Last Updated On: October 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 14th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 1st July 1913 “No” Bill Is Returned Against A. S. Colyar [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 11th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 2nd July 1913 Findings in Probe are Guarded [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2022]
- Thursday, 3rd July 1913 Attempt by Colyar To Disbar Felder Is Halted; Tries Again [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 9th, 2022]
- Thursday, 3rd July 1913 Writ Sought In Move to Free Negro Lee [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 8th, 2022]
- Friday, 4th July 1913 New Testimony Lays Crime to Conley [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 7th, 2022]
- Saturday, 5th July 1913 Application for Lee’s Release Delayed [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 5th, 2022]
- Saturday, 5th July 1913 Drop Ninth in Police Scandal [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 6th, 2022]
- Saturday, 5th July 1913 Liberty for Newt Lee Sought [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 3rd, 2022]
- Saturday, 5th July 1913 Unbiased in the Flanders Case, Says Slaton [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 4th, 2022]
- Sunday, 6th July 1913 Application to Release Lee is Ready to File [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 1st, 2022]
- Sunday, 6th July 1913 New Move in Phagan Case by Solicitor [Last Updated On: October 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 31st, 2022]
- Sunday, 6th July 1913 Phagan Case Centers on Conley; Negro Lone Hope of Both Sides [Last Updated On: October 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: June 2nd, 2022]
- Monday, 7th July 1913 Lee’s Attorney is Ready for Writ Fight [Last Updated On: October 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 30th, 2022]
- Monday, 7th July 1913 Operations of Slavers in Hotels Bared [Last Updated On: October 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 29th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 Attitude of Defense Secret [Last Updated On: October 18th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 24th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 Girl Tells of Life in Slavers’ Hands [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 23rd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 Grants Right to Demand Lee’s Freedom [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 27th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 Police Hunt Principals in Expose [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 28th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 Refused by Brown, Mangham Now Asks Slaton for Pardon [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 25th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 8th July 1913 State Sure Lee Will Not Be Released [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 9th July 1913 Girl Springs Sensation in Phagan Case [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 22nd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 9th July 1913 New Evidence in Phagan Case Found [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 21st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 9th July 1913 Sensations in Story of Girl Victim [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 20th, 2022]
- Thursday, 10th July 1913 Beavers in Speech Warns Policemen to Keep Out of Dives [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2022]
- Thursday, 10th July 1913 Beavers’ War on Vice is Lauded by Women [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 16th, 2022]
- Thursday, 10th July 1913 Chief Expects Arrests in Vice Probe [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 19th, 2022]
- Thursday, 10th July 1913 Says Conley Confessed Slaying [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 18th, 2022]
- Friday, 11th July 1913 Girl Tells Police Startling Story of Vice Ring [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 14th, 2022]
- Friday, 11th July 1913 Mincey’s Story Jolts Police to Activity [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 13th, 2022]
- Friday, 11th July 1913 Slaying Charge for Conley Is Expected [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 15th, 2022]
- Saturday, 12th July 1913 Conley Kept on Grill 4 Hours [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 8th, 2022]
- Saturday, 12th July 1913 Dragnet for ‘Slavers’ Is Set [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 9th, 2022]
- Saturday, 12th July 1913 Five Caught in Beavers’ Vice Net [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 10th, 2022]
- Saturday, 12th July 1913 Parents Are Blamed for ‘Slavery’ [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 11th, 2022]
- Saturday, 12th July 1913 Says Women Heard Conley Confession [Last Updated On: October 22nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 13th July 1913 Affidavits to Back Mincey Story Found [Last Updated On: October 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 7th, 2022]
- Sunday, 13th July 1913 Indictment of Conley Puzzle for Grand Jury [Last Updated On: October 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 5th, 2022]
- Sunday, 13th July 1913 Seek Negro Who Says He Was Eye-Witness to Phagan Murder [Last Updated On: October 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 6th, 2022]
- Monday, 14th July 1913 Girl Bares New Vice System [Last Updated On: October 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 2nd, 2022]
- Monday, 14th July 1913 Mincey’s Own Story [Last Updated On: October 23rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 1st, 2022]
- Monday, 14th July 1913 Prosecution Attacks Mincey’s Affidavit [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 4th, 2022]
- Monday, 14th July 1913 Vice Pickets Posted at Hotels [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 3rd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 15th July 1913 Holloway Corroborates Mincey’s Affidavit [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 15th July 1913 Police Close 2 Rooming Houses [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 30th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 15th July 1913 White Men Fined in War on Negro Dives [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 29th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 15th July 1913 Woodward Aids Chief in Vice Crusade [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 27th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 16th July 1913 Dorsey Adds Startling Evidence [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 16th July 1913 State to Fight Move to Indict Jim Conley [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 25th, 2022]
- Thursday, 17th July 1913 Dorsey Blocked Indictment of Conley [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 24th, 2022]
- Thursday, 17th July 1913 Mayor and Broyles in War of Words [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 23rd, 2022]
- Thursday, 17th July 1913 Mayor Asked to Probe Action of Police [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2022]
- Thursday, 17th July 1913 Woodward Enemy to Society, Says Recorder Broyles [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 20th, 2022]
- Thursday, 17th July 1913 Youth Accused in Vice Ring on Trial [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 22nd, 2022]
- Friday, 18th July 1913 Detectives Working to Discredit Mincey [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 19th, 2022]
- Friday, 18th July 1913 Woodward-Broyles Breach Widens [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 18th, 2022]
- Saturday, 19th July 1913 Dorsey Resists Move to Indict Jim Conley [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2022]
- Saturday, 19th July 1913 Natural Crank, Mayor’s Shot at Broyles [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2022]
- Sunday, 20th July 1913 Attorney for Conley Makes a Statement [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 20th July 1913 Counsel of Frank Says Dorsey Has Sought to Hide Facts [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 15th, 2022]
- Sunday, 20th July 1913 Dorsey Fights Movement to Indict Conley [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 11th, 2022]
- Sunday, 20th July 1913 Mincey Ready to Tell Story to Grand Jury [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2022]
- Sunday, 20th July 1913 Mincey Story Declared Vital To Both Sides in Frank Case [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2022]
- Monday, 21st July 1913 Doctor And Girl Are Taken On Vice Charge [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2022]
- Monday, 21st July 1913 Four Women Caught In Vice Net Escape From Martha Home [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2022]
- Monday, 21st July 1913 Grand Jury Meets to Consider Conley Case [Last Updated On: October 26th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 21st July 1913 Protest of Solicitor Dorsey Wins [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 22nd July 1913 Defense Asks Ruling on Delaying Frank Trial [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 22nd July 1913 Grand Jury Defers Action on Conley [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 5th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 22nd July 1913 Story of Phagan Case by Chapters [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 4th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 23rd July 1913 Conley is Confronted with Lee Dorsey Grills Negroes in Same Cell at Jail [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 23rd July 1913 Lanford Ridicules Bludgeon Evidence [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 23rd July 1913 Second Chapter in Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 2nd, 2022]
- Thursday, 24th July 1913 Frank Trial Delay up to Roan [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 28th, 2022]
- Thursday, 24th July 1913 Let the Frank Trial Go On [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2022]
- Thursday, 24th July 1913 Third Chapter in Phagan Mystery [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2022]
- Thursday, 24th July 1913 Veneir is Drawn to Try Leo M. Frank Monday [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 30th, 2022]
- Friday, 25th July 1913 Witnesses for Frank Called [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2022]
- Saturday, 26th July 1913 Chapter 5 in Phagan Case [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 24th, 2022]
- Saturday, 26th July 1913 Pinkerton Chief Scored by Lanford [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 26th, 2022]
- Saturday, 26th July 1913 Present New Evidence Against Frank [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Brewster Denies Aiding Dorsey in Phagan Case [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 12th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Defense Claims Conley and Lee Prepared Notes [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 18th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Every Bit of Evidence Against Frank Sifted and Tested, Declares Solicitor [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 19th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Frank Fights for Life Monday [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 22nd, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Frank Watches Closely as the Men Who are to Decide Fate are Picked [Last Updated On: October 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 13th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Phagan Case of Peculiar And Enthralling Interest [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Pinkerton Men Brand Lanford Charges False [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Prominent Atlantans Named On Frank Trial Jury Venire [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 20th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Public Demands Frank Trial To-morrow [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 State Bolsters Conley [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Trial to Surpass in Interest Any in Fulton County History [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 15th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Venire Whipped Into Shape Rapidly; Negro Is Eligible [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 11th, 2022]
- Sunday, 27th July 1913 Work of Choosing Jury for Trial of Frank Difficult [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 14th, 2022]
- Monday, 28th July 1913 Frank, Feeling Tiptop, Smiling and Confident, is Up Long Before Trial [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 9th, 2022]
- Monday, 28th July 1913 Frank Jury [Last Updated On: October 29th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 28th July 1913 Jury Complete to Try Frank [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 10th, 2022]
- Monday, 28th July 1913 Mary Phagan’s Mother Testifies [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 8th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th July 1913 After Rosser’s Fierce Grilling All Negro, Newt Lee, Asked for Was Chew or Bacca-AnyKind [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 3rd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th July 1913 Defense Wins Point After Fierce Lawyers’ Clash [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 6th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th July 1913 Lee’s Quaint Answers Rob Leo Frank’s Trial of All Signs of Rancor [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 5th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 29th July 1913 Tragedy, Ages Old, Lurks in Commonplace Court Setting [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 4th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th July 1913 Defense Plans Sensation, Line of Queries Indicates [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 26th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th July 1913 Flashes of Tragedy Pierce Legal Tilts at Frank Trial [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 28th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th July 1913 Frank’s Mother Pitiful Figure of the Trial [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 27th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th July 1913 Gantt Has Startling Evidence; Dorsey Promises New Testimony Against Frank [Last Updated On: October 30th, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 2nd, 2022]
- Wednesday, 30th July 1913 Rosser’s Examination of Lee Just a Shot in Dark; Hoped to Start Quarry [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: March 1st, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 Collapse of Testimony of Black and Hix Girl’s Story Big Aid to Frank [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 24th, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 Crimson Trail Leads Crowd to Courtroom Sidewalk [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 22nd, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 Holloway Accused by Solicitor Dorsey of Entrapping State [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 21st, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 Red Bandanna, a Jackknife and Plennie Minor Preserve Order [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 20th, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 Scott Trapped Us, Dorsey Charges; Pinkerton Man Is Also Attacked by the Defense [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 25th, 2022]
- Thursday, 31st July 1913 State Balloon Soars When Dorsey, Roiled, Cries ‘Plant’ [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 23rd, 2022]
- Friday, 1st August 1913 Conley Takes Stand Saturday [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 19th, 2022]
- Friday, 1st August 1913 Defense Not Helped by Witnesses Accused of Entrapping the State [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 17th, 2022]
- Friday, 1st August 1913 Dorsey Unafraid as He Faces Champions of the Atlanta Bar [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 16th, 2022]
- Friday, 1st August 1913 Girl Slain After Frank Left Factory, Believed to be Defense Theory [Last Updated On: November 1st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 15th, 2022]
- Friday, 1st August 1913 Sherlocks, Lupins and Lecoqs See Frank Trial [Last Updated On: November 1st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 18th, 2022]
- Saturday, 2nd August 1913 Defense Threatens a Mistrial [Last Updated On: November 1st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2022]
- Saturday, 2nd August 1913 Frank Juror’s Life One Grand, Sweet SongNot [Last Updated On: November 1st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 10th, 2022]
- Saturday, 2nd August 1913 Roan Holding Scales of Justice With Steady Hand [Last Updated On: November 1st, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 11th, 2022]
- Saturday, 2nd August 1913 State Hopes Dr. Harris Fixed Fact That Frank Had Chance to Kill Girl [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 12th, 2022]
- Saturday, 2nd August 1913 Will 5 Ounces of Cabbage Help Convict Leo M. Frank? [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 13th, 2022]
- Sunday, 3rd August 1913 Conley to Bring Frank Case Crisis [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 8th, 2022]
- Sunday, 3rd August 1913 First Week of Frank Trial Ends With Both Sides Sure of Victory [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 9th, 2022]
- Sunday, 3rd August 1913 Leo Frank’s Eyes Show Intense Interest in Every Phase of Case [Last Updated On: November 2nd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 7th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Boiled Cabbage Brings Hypothetical Question Stage in Frank’s Trial [Last Updated On: November 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 3rd, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Conley’s Story In Detail; Women Barred By Judge [Last Updated On: November 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 5th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Dorsey Tries to Prove Frank Had Chance to Kill Girl [Last Updated On: November 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 28th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Dramatic Moment of Trial Comes as Negro Takes Stand [Last Updated On: November 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 29th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Envy Not the Juror! His Lot, Mostly, Is Monotony [Last Updated On: November 3rd, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 2nd, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Frank Calm and Jurors Tense While Jim Conley Tells His Ghastly Tale [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 30th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Frank Witness Nearly Killed By a Mad Dog [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 1st, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Jim Conley’s Story as Matter of Fact as if it Were of His Day’s Work [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 4th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Jurors Strain Forward to Catch Conley Story; Frank’s Interest Mild [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 31st, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Ordeal is Borne with Reserve by Franks [Last Updated On: November 4th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 27th, 2022]
- Monday, 4th August 1913 Rosser’s Grilling of Negro Leads to Hot Clashes by Lawyers [Last Updated On: November 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: February 6th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 5th August 1913 Conleys Charge Turns Frank Trial Into Fight To Worse Than Death [Last Updated On: November 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 25th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 5th August 1913 Many Discrepancies To Be Bridged in Conleys Stories [Last Updated On: November 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 23rd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 5th August 1913 Mrs. Frank Breaks Down in Court [Last Updated On: November 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 26th, 2022]
- Tuesday, 5th August 1913 Rosser Goes Fiercely After Jim Conley [Last Updated On: November 5th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 22nd, 2022]
- Tuesday, 5th August 1913 Traditions of the South Upset; White Mans Life Hangs on Negros Word [Last Updated On: November 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 24th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Accuser of Conley is Ready to Testify [Last Updated On: November 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 19th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Can Jury Obey if Told to Forget Base Charge? [Last Updated On: November 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 21st, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Conley Swears Frank Hid Purse [Last Updated On: November 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 20th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Crowd Set in Its Opinions [Last Updated On: November 6th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 18th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Dorsey Accomplishes Aim Despite Big Odds [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 17th, 2022]
- Wednesday, 6th August 1913 Judge Will Rule on Evidence Attacked by Defense at 2 P.M. [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 16th, 2022]
- Thursday, 7th August 1913 Jim Conley, the Ebony Chevalier of Crime, is Darktowns Own Hero [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 14th, 2022]
- Thursday, 7th August 1913 Roans Ruling Heavy Blow to Defense [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2022]
- Thursday, 7th August 1913 State Ends Case Against Frank [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 15th, 2022]
- Thursday, 7th August 1913 Trial as Varied as Vaudeville Exhibition [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 13th, 2022]
- Thursday, 7th August 1913 Trial Experts Conflict on Time of Girls Death [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 11th, 2022]
- Friday, 8th August 1913 Bits of Circumstantial Evidence, as Viewed by State, Strands in Rope [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 7th, 2022]
- Friday, 8th August 1913 Scott Put Conleys Story in Strange Light [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 8th, 2022]
- Friday, 8th August 1913 State, Tied by Conleys Story, Now Must Stand Still Under Hot Fire [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 9th, 2022]
- Friday, 8th August 1913 Witnesses Attack Conley Story [Last Updated On: November 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 10th, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 Absence of Alienists and the Hypothetical Question Distinguishes Frank Trial [Last Updated On: November 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 5th, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 Confusion of Holloway Spoils Close of Good Day for the Defense [Last Updated On: November 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 3rd, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 Daltons Testimony False, Girl Named on Stand Says [Last Updated On: November 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 6th, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 Exposure of Conley Story Time Flaws is Sought by Defense [Last Updated On: November 9th, 2023] [Originally Added On: January 1st, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 Heres the Time Clock Puzzle in Frank Trial; Can You Figure It Out? [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: January 4th, 2022]
- Saturday, 9th August 1913 State Attacks Frank Report [Last Updated On: January 2nd, 2022] [Originally Added On: January 2nd, 2022]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Case Never is Discussed by Frank Jurors [Last Updated On: April 26th, 2024] [Originally Added On: December 28th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Conley, Unconcerned, Asks Nothing of Trial [Last Updated On: December 27th, 2021] [Originally Added On: December 27th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Dalton Sticks Firmly To Story Told on Stand [Last Updated On: April 26th, 2024] [Originally Added On: December 24th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Frank or Conley? Still Question [Last Updated On: November 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 31st, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Frank Struggles to Prove His Conduct Was Blameless [Last Updated On: November 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 29th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Interest in Trial Now Centers in Story of Mincey [Last Updated On: November 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 26th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Mary Phagans Mother to be Spared at Trial [Last Updated On: November 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 23rd, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 One Glance at Conley Boosts Darwin Theory [Last Updated On: November 11th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 22nd, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Phagan Trial Makes Eleven Widows But Jurors Wives Are Peeresses Also [Last Updated On: November 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 25th, 2021]
- Sunday, 10th August 1913 Study of Frank Convicts, Then It Turns and Acquits [Last Updated On: November 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2021]
- Monday, 11th August 1913 Defense Bitterly Attacks Harris [Last Updated On: November 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 21st, 2021]
- Monday, 11th August 1913 Deputy Hunting Scalp Of Juror-Ventiloquist [Last Updated On: November 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 20th, 2021]
- Monday, 11th August 1913 Grief-Stricken Mother Shows No Vengefulness [Last Updated On: November 12th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2021]
- Monday, 11th August 1913 Interest Unabated as Dramatic Frank Trial Enters Third Week [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 18th, 2021]
- Tuesday, 12th August 1913 Attacks on Dr. Harris Give Defense Good Day [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 15th, 2021]
- Tuesday, 12th August 1913 Frank Trial Witness is Sure, At Least, of One Thinga Good Ragging [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 16th, 2021]
- Tuesday, 12th August 1913 Peoples Cry for Justice Is Proof Sentiment Still Lives [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 14th, 2021]
- Tuesday, 12th August 1913 State Charges Premeditated Crime [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 17th, 2021]
- Wednesday, 13th August 1913 Both Sides Aim for Justice in the Trial of Frank [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 12th, 2021]
- Wednesday, 13th August 1913 Franks Mother Stirs Courtroom [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 13th, 2021]
- Wednesday, 13th August 1913 State Calls More Witnesses; Defense Builds Up an Alibi [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 11th, 2021]
- Thursday, 14th August 1913 Defense Slips Load by Putting up Character of Leo Frank as Issue [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 8th, 2021]
- Thursday, 14th August 1913 State Fights Franks Alibi [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 6th, 2021]
- Thursday, 14th August 1913 State Wants Wife and Mother Excluded [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 10th, 2021]
- Thursday, 14th August 1913 States Sole Aim is to Convict, Defenses to Clear in Modern Trial [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 9th, 2021]
- Thursday, 14th August 1913 Steel Workers Enthralled by Leo Frank Trial [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2023] [Originally Added On: December 7th, 2021]
- Friday, 15th August 1913 Frank Prepares to Take Stand [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 22nd, 2023]
- Friday, 15th August 1913 Testimony of Girls Help to Leo M. Frank [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 20th, 2023]
- Friday, 15th August 1913 What They Say Wont Hurt Leo Frank; State Must Prove Depravity [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 21st, 2023]
- Saturday, 16th August 1913 Girls Testify For and Against Frank [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 19th, 2023]
- Saturday, 16th August 1913 Many Testify to Franks Good Character [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2023]
- Saturday, 16th August 1913 Mothers Love Gives Trial Its Great Scene [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 16th, 2023]
- Saturday, 16th August 1913 Statement by Frank Will Be the Climactic Feature of the Trial [Last Updated On: July 17th, 2023] [Originally Added On: May 18th, 2023]
- Monday, 18th August 1913 Leo Frank Testifies [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 2nd, 2023]
- Tuesday, 19th August 1913 Jim Conley To Be Recalled [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 12th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 20th August 1913 State Closes Frank Case Near Jury Defense Begins Its Sur-rubettual. Hopes To Conclude Quickly [Last Updated On: November 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 29th, 2023]
- Thursday, 21st August 1913 Mass Of Perjuries Charged By Arnold Centers Hot Attack On Conley. Ridicules Prosecution Theory [Last Updated On: November 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 23rd, 2023]
- Friday, 22nd August 1913 Rosser Begins Final Plea [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 2nd, 2023]
- Sunday, 24th August 1913 Dorsey Demands Death Penalty For Frank In Thrilling Closing Plea [Last Updated On: November 16th, 2023] [Originally Added On: August 29th, 2023]
- Monday, 25th August 1913: Frank Case To Jury Today Leo Frank On His Way From Jail To Court, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: August 28th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 3rd, 2023]
- Tuesday, 26th August 1913, Frank, Guilty On First Ballot [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 12th, 2023]
- Wednesday, 27th August 1913 Fight Begun To Save Frank Motion For New Trial Follows Death Sentence [Last Updated On: October 25th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 12th, 2023]
- Thursday, 28th August 1913 Reply Made To Frank's Attack [Last Updated On: February 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: September 17th, 2023]
- Tuesday, 16th September 1913 No Judge To Try Fulton Docket [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 3rd, 2024]
- Wednesday, 17th September 1913 Conley To Fight Felon Charge Bitterly [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 3rd, 2024]
- Wednesday, 17th September 1913 Say Partee Shot In Self-defense [Last Updated On: April 26th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 17th, 2024]
- Monday, 22nd September 1913 Judge Roan Not To Hear Frank Trial Motion [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2024] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2024]
- Wednesday, 24th September 1913 Detective Black Not Blamed For Fighting [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2024] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2024]
- Thursday, 25th September 1913 Recall To Apply To All Big Offices [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2024] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2024]
- Friday, 26th September 1913 Judge Roan To Hear Arguments Asking Retrial For Frank [Last Updated On: September 6th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 29th, 2024]
- Sunday, 28th September 1913 Judge Hill May Hear Frank Case [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 29th, 2024]
- Monday, 29th September 1913 Delay On Frank Hearing Seems Unavoidable [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 29th, 2024]
- Tuesday, 30th September 1913 Frank Ready For New Fight Rosser Ready. Roan Will Hear Frank Argument [Last Updated On: July 12th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 29th, 2024]
- Wednesday, 1st October 1913: Rosser Ready Roan Will Hear Frank Argument, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Thursday, 2nd October 1913: Ask New Frank Trial On 115 Counts Many Errors Laid To Court; Charge Made Of Jury Intimidation, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Friday, 3rd October 1913: Frank Trial Juror Denies Charge Of Bias, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Saturday, 4th October 1913: Sensational Charge In Frank Case, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Sunday, 5th October 1913: Governor Slaton Personally Investigates And Verifies The Circulation Of The Georgian And Hearst’s Sunday American, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Sunday, 5th October 1913 Indefinite Respite Is Given Frank As Juror Charges Flood [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: February 29th, 2024]
- Monday, 6th October 1913: Frank Given Indefinite Respite, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Tuesday, 7th October 1913: Dorsey At Work To Combat Charge, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Wednesday, 8th October 1913: Both Sides Confident In Frank Case, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Thursday, 9th October 1913: Postponement In Frank Case Made Certain, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Friday, 10th October 1913: Hawthorne Ready To Leave Prison, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Saturday, 11th October 1913: Frank Lawyers To File More Depositions, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Sunday, 12th October 1913: Governor Slaton Personally Investigates And Verifies The Circulation Of The Georgian And Hearst’s Sunday American, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Monday, 13th October 1913: Attack Is Renewed On Frank Juror, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Tuesday, 14th October 1913: Dorsey Gathers Proof Against Bias Charges, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Wednesday, 15th October 1913: Dorsey Gathers Proof Against Bias Charges, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Thursday, 16th October 1913: Dorsey Back With New Affidavits More Delay In Appeal Fight Likely, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Friday, 17th October 1913: Sparta Citizens Attack Frank Trial Juror, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 13th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Saturday, 18th October 1913: Way Clear For Frank Battle, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Sunday, 19th October 1913: Frank To Fight On Wednesday For New Trial, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: October 21st, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Monday, 20th October 1913: Way Clear For Frank Battle, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: August 9th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Tuesday, 21st October 1913: Fisher Under Third Degree Shirley's Accuser In Cell, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: August 9th, 2024] [Originally Added On: August 9th, 2024]
- Wednesday, 22nd October 1913: Man Higher Up Sought In Fisher Plot, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Thursday, 23rd October 1913: Judge's Admissions Help Frank's Chance, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Friday, 24th October 1913: Disputes Block Frank Speech, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Saturday, 25th October 1913: Atlanta's Prejudice As Bitter As Russia's Declares Attorney, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Sunday, 26th October 1913: Lawyers In New Battle Over Life Of Leo Frank, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Monday, 27th October 1913: Henslee Is Attacked As Cold Plotter, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Tuesday, 28th October 1913: Ridicules All Claims Made For Frank, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Wednesday, 29th October 1913: Negro's Statement Legal Evidence, He Says; State Closes, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Thursday, 30th October 1913: Frank Alibi Upheld By Rosser In Closing, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]
- Friday, 31st October 1913: Roan Keeps Frank Decision Secret, The Atlanta Georgian [Last Updated On: November 15th, 2024] [Originally Added On: November 15th, 2024]